Biological Membranes

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  • Created by: selen.
  • Created on: 19-04-15 17:16
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  • Biological Membranes
    • Phospholipids
      • Hyrdophillic head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails
        • Water can diffuse b/c of the hydrophillic head
      • In a cell the phospholipds are surrounded by water, forming a bilayer
    • Glycoproteins and Glycolipids
      • Carbohydrate parts can be found on some phospholipids and proteins in th emebrane
        • when phospholipds have carb molecules, they are called glycolipids
          • Phospholipids
            • Hyrdophillic head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails
              • Water can diffuse b/c of the hydrophillic head
            • In a cell the phospholipds are surrounded by water, forming a bilayer
        • when protein molecules have carb attached to them they are called glycoproteins
      • May be involved in cell-signalling to allow recognition by immune system
    • Cholesterol
      • gives membranes of some eukaryotic cells mechanical stability
        • Sits between fatty acid tails to make barrier more complete, so water and ions could not easily pass through
    • Proteins
      • Carrier Proteins
        • active movement of charged substances (ions)
          • e.g. in plants Mg2+ is actively pumped (w/ ATP) for the manufacture of chlorophyll
      • Channel Proteins
        • movement of large, hydrophillic molecules across the membrane
    • Metabolic Processes
      • Enzymes and co enzymes
        • Some parts of photosynthesis is carried out in chloroplasts. Some parts of respiration is carried out in mitochondria
          • co/enzymes may be bound to these membranes. The more membranes the more co/enzymes
            • Why mitochondira fold to form cristae (SA)
            • Why chloroplasts have stacked membranes called thylakoids (SA)
    • Membranes and temperature
      • Increasing temp gives molecules more kinetic energy
        • Therefore the bonds break
          • Makes membrnae more pourous as the molecules move faster
    • Receptor sites

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