biological - structural abnormalities
- Created by: Elyseee
- Created on: 18-01-21 13:59
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- structural abnormalities
- enlarged ventricles
- Ventricles are cavities that produce and transport cerebrospinal fluid
- Cerebrospinal fluid provides protection buoyancy and chemical stability to brain and spine
- Four ventricles - Left and right lateral ventricles (front, occipital and temporal lobes in each hemisphere), Third ventricle between left and right thalamus, Fourth between pons and medulla oblongata
- Some with schizophrenia have ventricles larger than those without
- Weinberger et al 1979 - used CAT scans, reported larger ventricles in the 58 participants with chronic schizophrenia compared to the 56 participants with no symptoms
- cortical atrophy
- Loss of neurons in cerebral cortex
- Can occur all over the brain or in a limited area
- Atrophy affects the function of the areas in the cerebral cortex that have atrophied
- Results in widening of grooves of the cerebral cortex
- Occurs in 20-35% of those with schizophrenia
- Vita et al 1988 - used CAT scans to assess 124 individuals with schizophrenia, and 45 control participants
- 33% of those with schizophrenia showed moderate to severe atrophy
- Atrophy not found to relate to factors such as age, age of onset or family history. Atrophy found to be related to sex and ventricular enlargements
- reversed cerebral symmetry
- Most individuals without schizophrenia have a larger left hemisphere
- In some with schizophrenia the right hemisphere is notably larger
- Relevant when considering language functions is found in left hemisphere
- Damage or deterioration of left hemisphere could lead to alogia seen in those with schizophrenia
- Luchins et al 1979 - CAT scans, compared 80 right handed people without schizophrenia to 57 right handed people with schizophrenia
- Found there was increase of frequency of reversals in frontal and occipital lobes of those with schizophrenia, but only if they had no other form of atrophy
- Those who had atrophy had no higher levels of reversal than control group
- enlarged ventricles
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