Biological Molecules- momomers, polymer and carbs
BM 2 and 3 also avalible (lipids and proteins/enzymes)
- Created by: gsemma
- Created on: 08-01-19 15:49
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- Biological Molecules 1
- Bonding
- Covalent
- Atoms share a pair of electrons- strong when neutral charge- forms molecule
- Ionic
- between two charged ions- weaker than covalent
- Hydrogen
- Due to uneven distribution of elecrtons and polarity- Electrostatic bond forms between opposite dipoles- weak alone- strong together
- Covalent
- Polymers
- More than 2 monomers joined but Polymerisation
- Proteins, carbs and lipids are polymers
- formed by condensation with water being a by-product
- broken down by hydrolysis that requires water as reactant
- Disaccharides
- two monosaccharides chemically bonded with a glycosidic bond
- Maltose
- 2 Alpha Glucoses
- Sucrose
- Alpha glucose and fructose
- Lactose
- Beta glucose and galactose
- Benedict's test
- Reducing Sugar
- all mono and some disacchrides
- Add excess of Benedict's reagent (blue) and heat in bath at 80'C
- A coloured precipitate indicates reducing sugar (blue to brick red)
- Add excess of Benedict's reagent (blue) and heat in bath at 80'C
- all mono and some disacchrides
- Non-reducing sugar
- break down sugar into redicing sugar by adding hydrochloric acid in boiling water bath.
- neutralise the sample wit Sodium hydrogen carbonate
- perform test above
- neutralise the sample wit Sodium hydrogen carbonate
- break down sugar into redicing sugar by adding hydrochloric acid in boiling water bath.
- Reducing Sugar
- Polysacchrides
- starch
- main energy source for plants- break down glucose when they need it
- many chains either straight or branching
- Insoluable as to not affect osmosis
- large so does not diffuse yet compact so can be stored in small places in high volumes
- branching allows many enzymes to break it down at once- faster.
- Hydrolysed to alpha glucose which is soluble and easily transported
- Test- iodine- *** 2 drops of potassium iodide to sample- browny-orange to blue-black
- Made of amalyose and amylopectin
- main energy source for plants- break down glucose when they need it
- glycogen
- Main energy source of animlas
- broken down into alpha glucose
- highly branched to allow more efficnt energy release as there are more end fort he enzymes to pinch off
- compact
- similar to amylopectin which is less branch
- highly branched to allow more efficnt energy release as there are more end fort he enzymes to pinch off
- broken down into alpha glucose
- Main energy source of animlas
- cellulose
- Long unbranched chains of beta glucose - makes up cell walls
- linked by hydrogen bonds forming microfibrils- strong to provide structural support.
- Long unbranched chains of beta glucose - makes up cell walls
- starch
- Monosacchrides
- Carbohydrates are made of monosaccharides e.g. sugars
- Alpha Glucose
- Symbol
- C H O
- Bonds in glucose contain a lot of energy for animals and plants.
- Structurally it is ideal as it is soluble making it easy for transport in organisms an cells
- Hexose sugar 6-carbons
- Alpha Glucose
- Symbol
- C H O
- Bonds in glucose contain a lot of energy for animals and plants.
- Structurally it is ideal as it is soluble making it easy for transport in organisms an cells
- Hexose sugar 6-carbons
- Symbol
- Alpha Glucose
- Symbol
- Beta Glucose
- Symbol
- C H O
- Symbol
- Ribose
- C H O
- Pentose sugar 5-Carbons
- RNA is made using ribose
- Alpha Glucose
- Carbohydrates are made of monosaccharides e.g. sugars
- Bonding
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