Biological Molecules
- Created by: H-Gilbody
- Created on: 01-11-17 17:15
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- Biological Molecules
- Nucleic Acids and DNA Replication
- Nucleotide
- Monomer of nucleic acid
- Phosphate group
- Nitrogenous organic base
- Pentose sugar
- DNA
- Deoxyribose sugar
- Adenine - Thymine
- Two h bonds
- Cytosine - Guanine
- Three h bonds
- Adenine and guanine
- Purine
- Thymine and cytosine
- Pyrimidine
- RNA
- Ribose sugar
- Thymine replaced by uracil
- Poly - nucleotides
- Condensation reaction
- Phospho - diester bonds
- DNA
- Double helix
- Compact
- Protects bases and h bonds
- Long strands
- Can store lots of information
- Two anti-parallel nucleotide strands
- DNA Polymerase active site is only specific to 3' end
- Sugar phosphate backbone
- Strong and stable
- Base pairing
- Allows for accurate replication
- Double helix
- Semi - Conservative Replication
- Ensures genetic continuity
- DNA Helicase - Unwinds
- Hydrogen bonds breaks
- New nucleotides join to template
- DNA Polymerase - Connects nucleotides
- Experiments
- Hershey and Chase
- Tagged Phages' DNA
- DNA is hereditary not protein
- Griffith
- DNA can pass from dead bacteria to live
- Safe and heat killed dangerous bacteria
- Meselson and Stahl
- Proved semi-conservative
- Generations keep original, heavy strand
- Hershey and Chase
- Nucleotide
- Proteins and Enzymes
- Amino Acids
- Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulpur
- Amine group - NHH
- Carboxyl group - COOH
- R Groups
- Dipeptides and Polypeptides
- Condensation reaction
- Peptide bond
- Number of bonds is one less than the number of amino acids
- Structure
- Primary - Sequence of amino acids
- Secondary - Folding of peptide chain
- H bonds between amine and carboxyl groups
- Tertairy - Further folding into 3D shape
- H bonds - ionic bonds (R groups with opposite charges), disulfide bridges (R groups with S)
- Quaternary - More than one peptide chain
- Test
- Biuret solution
- Blue - Lilac
- Enzymes
- Speed up rate of reaction
- Lowering activation energy
- Lock & Key
- Active site is fixed
- Specific only to substrate
- Induced Fit
- Active site not fully fixed
- Active site 'wraps around' substrate
- Temperature
- More K.E
- More likely successful collisions
- H bonds break - Denatures
- Rate of reaction drops
- More K.E
- pH
- Charge on R group alters
- H bonds break - denatures
- Charge on R group alters
- Inhibitors
- Competative
- Similar stucture
- Bind to active site
- Prevent normal substrate binding
- Can be overcome by excess substrate
- Non - Competative
- Bind to enzyme - not active site
- Alters active site change
- No S.E complexes can be made
- Competative
- Speed up rate of reaction
- Amino Acids
- Nucleic Acids and DNA Replication
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