Biological Molecules Summary

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  • Biological Molecules
    • Water
      • Dipolar
      • Hydrogen bonding
      • Importance to organisms
        • Solvent
        • Metabolism
        • Transparent
        • Thermoregulation
      • Cohesion + surface tension
    • Condensation/hydrolysis
    • Lipids
      • Emulsion test
      • Triglyceride
        • Glycerol backbone + 3 fatty acid tails
      • Phospholipid
        • Glycerol backbone + 2 fatty acid tails + phosphate molecule
      • Roles
        • Insulation
        • Waterproofing
        • Protection
        • Source of energy
    • Carbohydrates
      • Monosaccharides
        • Galactose
        • Glucose
          • b - gycogen, cellulose
          • a - starch
          • Structures of a + b glucose
        • Fructose
        • Reducing sugars test
          • Maltose
          • Benedict's reagent
      • Disaccharides
        • Maltose
        • Lactose
          • Reducing sugars test
            • Benedict's reagent
        • Sucrose
          • Non-reducing sugars test
        • Polysaccharides
          • Glycogen (b)
          • Cellulose (b)
          • Starch (a)
            • Iodine solution test
      • Inorganic ions
        • Hydrogen
          • pH of solutions (enzymes)
        • Sodium
          • Transport of glucose + amino acids
        • Phosphate
          • Structural (DNA), storing energy (ATP)
        • Iron
          • Haemoglobin
      • Proteins
        • Primary /secondary/tertiary/quaternary
        • Enzymes
          • Enzyme action
            • Temperature
            • pH
            • Concentration
              • Substrate
              • Enzyme
          • Inhibition
            • Non-competitive
            • Competitive
          • Lowers activation energy (catalyst)
          • Specific active site
            • Induced fit
              • Enzyme-substrate complex
        • Amino acid structure
        • Biuret test
      • Nucleic acids
        • Nucleotides
          • DNA
            • Semi-conservative replication
          • RNA
          • ATP
            • Synthesis
              • ATP synthase
              • ADP + Pi + Energy
            • Hydrolysis
              • ATP hydrolase
              • ATP + H2O
            • Roles
              • Movement
              • Activation of molecules
              • Active transport
              • Secretion
              • Metabolic processes

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