Biological explanations of schizophrenia

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  • The genetic basis
    • schizophrenia runs in families
      • family members tend to share the same environment as well as genes
      • share 100% of genes with an identical twin
      • strong relationship between the degree of genetic similarity and risk of schiz
      • Gottesman's family study
    • biological explanations of schizophrenia
      • Neural correlates
        • measurement of the function of the brain that correlate with schizophrenia
        • negative symptoms
          • ventral striatum: lower levels of activity in schizophrenic
            • Juckel (2006) negative correlation
    • candidate genes
      • polygenetic: requires a number of factors to work in combination
      • aetiologically heterogenous= different  factors can activate condition
      • Ripke et al: found genes with increased risk had relationships with dopamine levels
  • The dopamine hypothesis
    • Hyperdopami-nergia in the subcortex: high dopamine levels
      • speech poverty
        • auditory hallucinations
    • biological explanations of schizophrenia
      • Neural correlates
        • measurement of the function of the brain that correlate with schizophrenia
        • negative symptoms
          • ventral striatum: lower levels of activity in schizophrenic
            • Juckel (2006) negative correlation
    • shows both high and low levels of dopamine are associated with schiz
  • Hypodopami-nergia in the cortex: low dopamine levels
    • negative symptoms
    • The dopamine hypothesis
      • Hyperdopami-nergia in the subcortex: high dopamine levels
        • speech poverty
          • auditory hallucinations
      • shows both high and low levels of dopamine are associated with schiz
  • positive symptoms
    • reduced activity in the anterior cingulate gyrus is a neural correlate of auditory hallucinations

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