genetic and neural explanations
- Created by: Bethany Cooling
- Created on: 31-05-18 22:05
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- Biological Explanations: Genetic and Neural
- Genetic
- Twin and adoption studies
- Offenders inherit a gene or a combination of genes that predispose them to crime
- Lange investigated 13 MZ and 17 DZ twins
- One twin in each pair had spent time in prison
- 10 MZ but only 2 DZ twins had a co twin who was also in prison
- Crowe adopted children who had a biological parent in prison had 50% chance of criminal records by the age of 18
- If they didn't have criminal parents they only had a 5% chance of the criminal record
- Candidate genes
- Genetic analysis of 900 offenders
- Revealed 2 genes that are associated with crime
- MAOA gene controls serotonin and dopamine - linked to aggressive behaviour
- CDH13 linked to substance abuse and ADHD
- Genetic analysis of 900 offenders
- Diathesis Stress Model
- If genetics do have an influence on offending, it is likely it is partly moderated by the environment
- Criminal behaviour comes from genetic predisposition and biological or psychological stressors (dysfunctional upbringing)
- Twin and adoption studies
- Neural
- Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Neural difference between normal people and offenders
- Lack of empathy
- Found in many convicted criminals
- Reduced activity in prefrontal cortex
- Raine discovered that there was an 11% reduction in the grey matter in the prefontal cortex with people with APD
- Part of the brain that regulates emotional behaviour
- Raine discovered that there was an 11% reduction in the grey matter in the prefontal cortex with people with APD
- Offenders mirror neurons (empathy) may not always be turned on
- Only 'turned on' when they are asked to empathise
- Suggests that APD individuals aren't totally without empathy but may have an empathy switch
- Unlike normal brains who are permanently switched on
- Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Genetic
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