Biological Etiology of Depression

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  • Genetic Explanation
    • Strong relationships between genetic similarity of family members and likelihood of both being diagnosed with depression
    • Biological Etiology of Depression
      • Biological Determinism
      • Reductionism v holism
      • Bidirectional ambiguity
        • Capsi et al (2003) People who had inherited one or more short versions of the allele demonstrated more symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation in response to stressful life events.
          • Diathesis-stress
            • Kendler et al (1995) interaction between stressful life events and genetic predisposition
              • Nature v nurture or interactionist
                • Capsi et al (2003) People who had inherited one or more short versions of the allele demonstrated more symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation in response to stressful life events.
                  • Diathesis-stress
                    • Kendler et al (1995) interaction between stressful life events and genetic predisposition
                      • Nature v nurture or interactionist
                        • Genetic Explanation
                          • Strong relationships between genetic similarity of family members and likelihood of both being diagnosed with depression
                          • Biological Etiology of Depression
                            • Biological Determinism
                            • Reductionism v holism
                            • Bidirectional ambiguity
                              • Bio-psycho-social factors
                                • Correlation-causation
                                • Removes the blame from an individual (ethical consideration)
                                • Implications in terms of genetic counselling and biological treatment
                              • McGuffin et al (1996) Twin study. MZ twins concordance rate = 46% DZ twins concordance rae = 20%
                              • Wender et al (1986) Adoption study. Adoptees who had a biological relative with depression 8x more likely to be diagnosed with depression. 15 x higher risk of suicide
                            • McGuffin et al (1996) Twin study. MZ twins concordance rate = 46% DZ twins concordance rae = 20%
              • Bio-psycho-social factors
                • Correlation-causation
                • Removes the blame from an individual (ethical consideration)
                • Implications in terms of genetic counselling and biological treatment
              • Wender et al (1986) Adoption study. Adoptees who had a biological relative with depression 8x more likely to be diagnosed with depression. 15 x higher risk of suicide

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