Biological Approach
- Created by: hollylouisee.x
- Created on: 12-05-19 14:45
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- Biological Approach
- genotype is an individual's genetic makeup which occurs at conception and provides genetic code for how the person will develop
- the only people who do not have individual genotypes are monozygotic twins
- monozygotic twins are identical twins
- dizygotic twins are non-identical twins
- the complex interaction between nature and nurture affects the way genotype is expressed and developed
- the only people who do not have individual genotypes are monozygotic twins
- phenotype is the product of what happens when the genotype interacts with the environment
- an example of this is someone may have an inherited genetic predisposition to a mental illness but environmental triggers e.g. stress may affect whether the genes are affected
- twin studies allow psychologists to study the interaction between nature and nurture
- concordance rates are the % of both twins displaying the same characteristics
- the expectation is that if a characteristic is inherited there will be a higher concordance rate in monozygotic twins
- Irving Gottesman
- concordance rates of schizophrenia in monozygotic twins was 48% but in dizygotic twins 17%
- Craddock and Jones
- concordance rates for bipolar in monozygotic twins was 40% but for dizygotic twins 7%
- Walters and Kendler
- concordance rates for anorexia in monozygotic twins was 23% but 9% in dizygotic twins
- concordance rates for mental illnesses in twins suggests genetics do play a role but don't tell the whole story - the closer someone is genetically related to someone with a disorder, the more likely they are to get it
- twins studies allow us to clearly see if genes have an effect on behaviour
- concordance rates are the % of both twins displaying the same characteristics
- the nervous system
- central nervous system
- consists of the brain and spinal cord
- transfers messages to and from the environment and act as the centre from which all physiology is controlled
- peripheral nervous system
- sends and receives information to the central nervous system - collects information in terms of temperature, pain and threat
- sends messages around our body through the use of neurons
- neurons are nerve cells which transmit impulses in the form of electrical signals
- central nervous system
- the endocrine system works to maintain correct levels of hormones in the blood through the use of glands, especially the pituitary
- the pituitary gland instructs other glands to secrete hormones when required
- biological psychologists say the level of hormones in the endocrine system can affect the behaviour of a person
- hormones are chemicals which travel through the blood
- biological psychologists say the level of hormones in the endocrine system can affect the behaviour of a person
- the pituitary gland instructs other glands to secrete hormones when required
- the theory of natural selection says any behaviours that ensures survival and reproduction will be passed on to future generations
- Buss
- mate choices have evolved because they lead to reproductive success
- women desire men with resources as it shows they can provide for them and offspring
- men desire young attractive women as it indicates fertility
- mate choices have evolved because they lead to reproductive success
- Buss
- this approach is bias-free as it is scientific so we can test hypotheses and retest findings
- research into the role of chemical imbalance in those with depression has led to the development of drug treatments which correct this and minimise the symptoms of depression
- genotype is an individual's genetic makeup which occurs at conception and provides genetic code for how the person will develop
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