Biol 2.1 Classification part2
- Created by: LouJ89
- Created on: 28-10-20 11:28
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- Biol 2.1 Classification part2
- 5 Kingdom System
- Do ***** Penguins Come Over For Good Sex?
- Kingdoms
- Prokaryota, Protoctista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
- Phylum- members of each phylum has a distinct body plan
- Eg Chordata contain vertebrates.
- Class
- Mammalia within Chordata
- Order
- Lepidoptera contains butterflies and moths, part on insecta.
- Family
- Rose family, Rosaceae
- Genus
- Groups of similar organs eg. Panthera- lions and tigers.
- Species
- Group of organisms sharing lots of physical features & can interbred and produce fertile offspring.
- Relatedness of Organisms
- Theory of Evolution suggests that widely separated groups share a common ancestor.
- They share the same basic features, similarities indicate relatedness.
- Assessing relatedness with physical features.
- Homologous Structures- Structures in diff. species with similar anatomical position and develop-mental origin, derived from common ancestor.
- Pentadactyl limb- having 5 digits.
- Analogous Structures- have corresponding function & have similar shape, but diff. develop-mental origin.
- Evolution
- Divergent- where a common ancestral structure has evolved & performs diff. functions.
- Convergent- structures evolve similar properties but have diff. develop-mental origins
- Theory of Evolution suggests that widely separated groups share a common ancestor.
- Assessing relatedness with genetic evidence.
- DNA sequencing
- Most closely related species have more similarities in DNA bas sequences. DNA analysis confirms evolutionary relationships,
- DNA hybridisation
- Comparing DNA base sequences of two species. DNA is extracted, separated & cut into fragments from both. Mix fragments, complementary base sequences will hybridise.
- Amino acid sequences
- These determine DNA base sequences. Degree of similarities shows relatedness
- Immunology
- Used to compare proteins. Mix the antigens of one species, eg blood protein albumin, with specific antibodies of another to make a precipitate. More precipitate, closer realtion.
- DNA sequencing
- Bionomial System
- Advantages
- Unambiguous names
- Latin- universal language
- Implies how closely related two things are.
- Rules
- 1. Two names, genus & species.
- 2. Genus is always capitalised.
- 3. 1st time write in full eg Panthera leo
- 4. After, abbreviate, P. leo
- 5. type in italics, write and underline
- Advantages
- Species Concept
- Morphological Definition
- If two organisms look very similar they are likely to be the same species
- Sexual Dimorphism- differences betw. male & female
- If two organisms look very similar they are likely to be the same species
- Reproductive Definition
- Two organisms of the same species can interbreed to make fertile offspring.
- Morphological Definition
- 5 Kingdom System
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