OCR AS Level Biology Biodiversity
- Created by: Sorcha
- Created on: 08-04-13 14:14
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- Biodiversity -the number or variety of genes in different species
- Conservation - a process which maintains biodiversity
- WHY?!
- Practical
- Global interdependence of ecosystems
- Economic
- Potential for drug and pharmaceuticals
- Genetic diversity and disease resistance
- Eco-tourism e.g. Safari's
- Ethical/ Aesthetic
- Moral case for conservation
- Practical
- IN-SITU - conserving in an are where the organism is naturally present
- DISADVANTAGE
- Creates Conflict... boundaries may not be respected
- Reserves need to be large if not can reduce gene pools and reduce diversity
- AVANTAGES
- Promotes Research
- permanently protects biodiversity
- Control or balances conflicting use: farming, traditional use/hunting
- DISADVANTAGE
- EX-SITU conserving outside of the area when the organism naturally lives
- ADVANTAGES
- Protected: safe environment,food supplied, healthcare
- Possible increase genetic base: IVF
- Allows time for recovery of habitat, setting up reserve
- DISADVANTAGES
- Some plants breed only sporadically
- Animals may fail to breed.
- Reintroduction to the wild may fail, Zoos are a safe environment, animals haven't learnt survival skills
- ADVANTAGES
- WHY?!
- Threats to biodiversity
- OVER-EXPLOITATION e.g. whaling, fishing
- HABITAT DESTRUCTION e.g. deforestation
- COMPETITION from introduced species e.g. grey vs red squirrels
- The Importance of Genetic Diversity
- Affected by a decrease in species number
- A low genetic diversity means ... a narrow gene pool and limited range of different Alleles
- Less genetic variation reduces the ability for a species to EVOLVE
- this means existing species cannot adapt successfully to environmental change
- Conservation - a process which maintains biodiversity
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