OCR AS Biology-Biodiversity

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  • Biodiversity
    • Definitions
      • Species
        • A group of indiviudual organisms who are able to produce viable offspring
      • Habitat
        • The type of environment where organisms live
      • Ecosystem
        • All biotic and abiotic factors which make up an area
      • Biodiversity
        • The variety of living organisms present within an area
      • Species richness and eveness
        • Richness
          • Number of different species in a particular habitat
        • Eveness
          • The comparison of the number of individuals of a species in a community
    • Types of biodiversity
      • Genetic
        • Genetic variation between individuals belonging to the same species
          • What causes them to look alike due to alleles
      • Species
        • The diferences between species
      • Habitat
        • The range of different habitats in which different species live
    • Measuring biodiversity
      • Sampling
        • Taking measurments of a limited number of individal organisms present in a particular area
        • Random and non-random
          • Random-selecting individuals by chance
            • Gives each individual an equal likelihood of selection
          • Non-random-sample is not selected at random
            • Sytematic
              • Different areas within habitat are identified and sampled separately
            • Stratified
              • Populations divided into strata based on characteristics
              • Random samples taken from each strata
            • Opportunistic
              • Uses organisms that are conveniently available
              • Not very representative of the population
    • Species richness and eveness
      • Richness
        • Number of different species in a particular habitat
      • Eveness
        • The comparison of the number of individuals of a species in a community
    • Simpson's Index of Diversity
      • D = 1-[?(n/N)2]
      • D=diversity score
      • n=number of individuals of a particular species
      • N=total number of individuals

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