1. Biological molecules: Biochemistry and metabolism
- Created by: Lois
- Created on: 04-04-13 13:14
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- Biochemistry and metabolism
- You are what you eat
- The nutrients any organism takes in builds and maintains a healthy body
- they becomes part of the body after being broken down into smaller pieces (digested), then rebuilt to form the different parts of the organism
- they are also used to provide the energy needed to drive metabolism (living processes)
- if neither of these can occur, they are removed from the body
- they are also used to provide the energy needed to drive metabolism (living processes)
- they becomes part of the body after being broken down into smaller pieces (digested), then rebuilt to form the different parts of the organism
- Organisms are adapted to remove substances in a variety of ways
- e.g. the intestines are adapted to work best when indigestible fibre is present in food, it eases the flow of materials through the gut giving gut muscles a bulk to push against
- Fibre also helps to remove some waste products, a diet low in fibre is a risk factor for a number of diseases
- A risk factor is a factor that increases your chance of developing a particular disease
- The nutrients any organism takes in builds and maintains a healthy body
- The nutrients requires
- Carbohydrates- energy storage and supply, structure (in some organisms)
- Proteins - structure, transport, enzymes, antibodies, most hormones
- Lipids - membranes, energy supply, thermal insulation, protective layers/padding, electrical insulation in neurones, some hormones
- Vitamins & minerals - Form parts of some larger molecules and take part in some metabolic reactions, some act as co-enzymes or enzyme activators
- Nucleic acids - information molecules, carry instructions for life
- Water - takes part in many reactions, support in plants, solvent/medium for most metabolic reactions, transport
- Carbohydrates- energy storage and supply, structure (in some organisms)
- Biological molecules
- The key biological molecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
- The chemical elements found in the biological molecules are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. These elements make up over 90% of all organisms
- A few biological molecules also contain some phosphorus or sulfur. Minerals including magnesium, iron and iodine are considered seperately
- Water is sometimes called a biological molecule because of its importance to life
- Biochemistry & metabolism
- Biochemistry refers to the chemical reactions involving biological molecuels
- e.g. level of enzymes in the blood
- Metabolism refers to the sum total of all the chemical reactions that take place in an organism
- these reactions may be involved in breaking larger molecules into smaller ones - catabolic reactions e.g. digestion
- Reactions that involve building smaller molecules into larger ones - anabolic reactions e.g. muscle growth
- these reactions may be involved in breaking larger molecules into smaller ones - catabolic reactions e.g. digestion
- Biochemistry refers to the chemical reactions involving biological molecuels
- Carbon is very special
- All the biological molecules (except water) are carbon-based
- carbon atoms can bond together to form long chains and rings,
- it is also possible to bond other atoms to the chains and rings to form many different molecules with different structures and properties
- because of this multiple-bonding feature, carbon is a kind framework atom that can form the basis of all the biological molecules necessary for life
- it is also possible to bond other atoms to the chains and rings to form many different molecules with different structures and properties
- carbon atoms can bond together to form long chains and rings,
- All the biological molecules (except water) are carbon-based
- You are what you eat
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