Biochemistry: Carbohydrates
- Created by: sophie
- Created on: 18-04-13 18:10
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- Carbohydrates
- Cn(H20)n
- Monomers: Monosaccharides
- Smallest unit of carbohydrates
- Soluble in water
- Sweet tasting
- Reducing sugars
- Test: Benedict's solution. Heated to 80 degrees
- Blue -green-orange-brick red
- Test: Benedict's solution. Heated to 80 degrees
- Glucose
- Important as it forms lager molecules such as: maltose, starch, glycogen and cellulose
- Main transport sugar
- Main respiratory substrate: generates ATP
- 6- carbon sugar
- Ribose
- 5- carbon sugar
- Found in structure of nucleic acids
- ATP
- Dimers: Disaccharide
- Two monosaccharides joined by a GLYCOSIDIC bond
- Condensation reaction
- Makes water
- Non-reducing sugars
- Test: Boil in HCl. Neutrailise. Re-add Benedict's solution
- Maltose
- Two alpha glucoses
- 1-4 glycosidic bond
- Made when starch is digested by enzyme Amylase
- Sucrose
- Main sugar transport in plants
- Lactose
- Polymers: Polysaccharides
- Insoluble
- Not sweet tasting
- Not sugars (not readily hydrolsed)
- Starch
- Energy store in plants
- Made up of alpha glucose
- 1-4 bonds = Amylose (coils into a helix)
- 1-6 bonds = Amylopectin (more branched)
- Made from both amylose and amylopectin
- Compact: large amounts may be stored
- Energy store in plants
- Cellulose
- Structural
- Beta glucose
- Linked together alternatively (180 degrees)
- Beta glucose
- Allows hydrogen bonds to form = forms cellulose microfibrils
- Microfibrils have high tensile strength
- Glycogen
- Energy store in animals
- Alpha glucose
- More highly branched therefore can release glucose at faster rates
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