Bio T5 Non-communicable diseases
- Created by: Claudiacumberpatch
- Created on: 03-03-20 18:00
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- Non-communicable diseases - can't be transmitted between individuals
- Risk factors
- Age & gender (unavoidable)
- Lifestyle factors (avoidable)
- Too much alcohol causes liver disease as broken down by enzymes in liver & some products toxic causes permanent liver damage after a long period of time drinking too much
- Diet with too many or too few nutrients causes malnutrition
- Not exercising enough, having a diet high fat & sugar
- Obesity
- BMI-Body Mass Index = mass(kg) / (height (m) )2
- Not always reliable measure obesity e.g. person with lots muscle which has higher mass than fat so have higher BMI but not overweight
- Waist-to-hip ratio = waist circumference (cm) ÷ hip circumference (cm)
- Measure visceral fat (abdominal) which puts you at greater risk of obesity-related health problems
- Results not affected by bone density or muscle
- BMI-Body Mass Index = mass(kg) / (height (m) )2
- Obesity
- Cardiovascular disease - any disease associated with heart or blood vessels
- Treatments
- 1.)Lifestyle changes
- Healthy balanced diet low in saturated fat
- Exercise
- Stop smoking
- Recommended first as have no downsides
- 2.) Drugs
- Statins
- Reduce cholesterol in blood ,slows rate fatty deposits form reducing risk heart attacks & strokes
- Negative side effects e.g aching muscles and liver damage
- Anti-coagulants
- Blood clots less likely to form
- Causes excessive bleeding if person injured
- Anti-hypertensives
- Reduce blood pressure prevents damage to blood vessels and reduces fatty deposits
- Side effects e.g. headaches & fainting
- Statins
- 3.) Surgery
- Stents
- Tubes inserted in arteries to keep open so blood can pass to heart muscles, lowers risk heart attack
- Artery can narrow again as can irritate artery, make scar tissue grow
- Patient must take drugs to stop blood clots on stent
- Coronary bypass surgery
- Blood vessel blocked, healthy vessel taken from elsewhere can bypass blocked section
- Donor heart
- Drugs taken stops body rejecting it, can cause side effects e.g. vulnerable to other infections
- Major procedure, risk of bleeding, clots, infection
- Stents
- 1.)Lifestyle changes
- 1.) High blood pressure damages artery
- 2.) Cholesterol & fat in blood builds up in damaged area, lumen (space inside an artery) size decreases, blood pressure increases
- 3.) Red blood cells stick to each other, blood clot forms, oxygen can't reach tissue after clot & may die if this is in heart, muscle stops contracting & person has heart attack
- 2.) Cholesterol & fat in blood builds up in damaged area, lumen (space inside an artery) size decreases, blood pressure increases
- Treatments
- e.g Cancer, liver & lung disease, cardiovascular disease & diabetes
- Risk factors
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