Bias in diagnostic systems
- Created by: connieemilyrose
- Created on: 10-12-13 09:10
View mindmap
- Bias in diagnostic systems
- 2 classification systems
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV)
- America
- International Classification of Diseases (ICD 10)
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV)
- Social Class
- 2 classification systems
- America
- Europe
- International Classification of Diseases (ICD 10)
- There are no physical tests e.g. urine samples
- 2 classification systems
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV)
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV)
- 2 classification systems
- Rely on self report => bias
- There are no physical tests e.g. urine samples
- There are no physical tests e.g. urine samples
- bias = more likely to be diagnosed with a particular disorder than others
- Rely on self report => bias
- Rely on self report => bias
- African Culture BIas- particularly schizophrenia
- Bias in diagnostic systems
- Social Class
- COCHRANE AND SASHIDHARN
- Bias in diagnostic systems
- COCHRANE AND SASHIDHARN
- Culturally biased diagnostic tools
- Developed in USA and Europe => over emphasising westernised ideas of health=> ignoring cultural role
- Culturally biased diagnostic tools
- The same illness may appear differently in different cultures
- EBIGNO
- LITTLEWOOD AND LIPSEDGE
- EXP
- Genuine differences in rates of mental illness
- Ethnic minority=> stress => mental illness
- Lower class, living in foreign culture, laguage barrier => lack of communication
- Ethnic minority=> stress => mental illness
- Genuine differences in rates of mental illness
- Culturally biased diagnostic tools
- Hearing voices in one culture is normal but not in another => psychologist misinterpretations
- Developed in USA and Europe => over emphasising westernised ideas of health=> ignoring cultural role
- The same illness may appear differently in different cultures
- EBIGNO
- LITTLEWOOD AND LIPSEDGE
- EXP
- Genuine differences in rates of mental illness
- Ethnic minority=> stress => mental illness
- Lower class, living in foreign culture, laguage barrier => lack of communication
- Ethnic minority=> stress => mental illness
- Genuine differences in rates of mental illness
- The same illness may appear differently in different cultures
- Developed in USA and Europe => over emphasising westernised ideas of health=> ignoring cultural role
- Koro is found in south east Asia => would be misdiagnosed in westernised countries as unfamiliar with symptoms
- LEWIS
- Issue: enforcing steretypes & only 1 study => ungeneralisable
- LEWIS
- LEWIS
- Genetic factors
- People of African descent have a genetic vulnerability to developing certain mental illnesses
- NOT culture, social status or stress. Increase in prevalence of genes for a particular illness
- W.H.O.
- NAZROO
- LITTLEWOOD
- NOT culture, social status or stress. Increase in prevalence of genes for a particular illness
- People of African descent have a genetic vulnerability to developing certain mental illnesses
- People of African descent have a genetic vulnerability to developing certain mental illnesses
- NOT culture, social status or stress. Increase in prevalence of genes for a particular illness
- W.H.O.
- NAZROO
- LITTLEWOOD
- NOT culture, social status or stress. Increase in prevalence of genes for a particular illness
- Gender differences e.g. 90% anorexia nervosa sufferers = women
- LEO AND CARTAGENO
- EXP
- Real differences rather than bias e.g. social roles and life experiences
- normal female behaviours are seen as a sign of illness
e.g. anorexia nervosa, a symptom is ceasing menstrual cycles
- suggests all sufferers are female
- Until recently, psychiatry = male dominated => male behaviours = way standards of all behaviour
- Gender differences e.g. 90% anorexia nervosa sufferers = women
- LEO AND CARTAGENO
- EXP
- Real differences rather than bias e.g. social roles and life experiences
- normal female behaviours are seen as a sign of illness
e.g. anorexia nervosa, a symptom is ceasing menstrual cycles
- suggests all sufferers are female
- Gender differences e.g. 90% anorexia nervosa sufferers = women
- women are more likely to be diagnosed with depression and significant phobias, men more likely to suffer from alcohol abuse
- no significant differences for schizophrenia and bipolar
- no significant differences for schizophrenia and bipolar
- pregnancy might explain why women are more predisposed to depression
- NOLEN-HOEKSEMA
- pregnancy might explain why women are more predisposed to depression
- pregnancy might explain why women are more predisposed to depression
- Low social classes are more likely to be diagnosed with mental disorders
- most prevalent disorder among middle-class = eating disorders
- maybe due to job roles=> stressful lives = disturbed food habits. Middle class more concerned with media and body image
- BRUCE
- EXP
- clinicians may be more likely to diagnose mental illnesses for the lower class
- JOHNSTONE
- Social Causation Hypothesis
- stressful life due to poverty, unemployment
- Social Drift Hypothesis
- schizophrenia=> lose job => low social status
- clinicians may be more likely to diagnose mental illnesses for the lower class
- most prevalent disorder among middle-class = eating disorders
- most prevalent disorder among middle-class = eating disorders
- maybe due to job roles=> stressful lives = disturbed food habits. Middle class more concerned with media and body image
- clinicians may be more likely to diagnose mental illnesses for the lower class
- JOHNSTONE
- Social Causation Hypothesis
- stressful life due to poverty, unemployment
- Social Drift Hypothesis
- schizophrenia=> lose job => low social status
- EXP
Comments
No comments have yet been made