Approaches- Behaviourism
- Created by: Sophie123.sdr
- Created on: 25-04-21 19:33
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- behaviourism
- classical conditioning
- Pavlov's dogs
- 4 steps:
- 1. Food (UCS) ->salvation (UCR)
- 2. Bell (NS) -> Nothing (NR)
- 3. Bell (NS)+food (UCS) -> Salvation (UCR)
- 4. After time (multiple pairings) Bell (CS)-> Salvation (CR)
- 4 steps:
- learning by association.
- Pavlov's dogs
- operant conditioning
- learning through reinforcement and punishment
- Skinners box
- Skinner put rats/pigeons in a box.
- 1 variation: the rat received a food pellet if they pressed a lever.
- the rat learnt to press the lever.
- positive reinforcement
- 1 variation: the rat has electrical shock. The shock turns off if they press the lever.
- the rat learnt to press the lever.
- negative reinforcement
- Positive reinforcement: Adding something good to encourage behaviour
- Negative reinforcement: taking away something bad to encourage behaviour
- positive punishment: adding something bad to discourage behaviour
- negative punishment: taking away something good to discourage behaviour
- main assumptions
- behaviour can be observed and measured
- basic processes are the same in all species
- strengths
- Scientific credibility
- experiments produced objective and repeatable results.
- raised psychologies credibility.
- experiments produced objective and repeatable results.
- Little Albert- Watson and Rayner
- conditioned a baby to fear white mice.
- fear was generalised to all fluffy things (including santa)
- Very powerful effects
- research to support
- Real life application
- classical conditioning is used in treatment of phobias
- improves people quality of life
- used a lot in schools
- If it can be used successfully, suggests its a reliable approach.
- classical conditioning is used in treatment of phobias
- Scientific credibility
- limitations
- Ethical issues
- Rats were exposed to electric shocks
- participants weren't protected from harm.
- Rats were exposed to electric shocks
- animal studies
- all research was done on animals
- we can't generalise results from animals to humans
- all research was done on animals
- Ethical issues
- classical conditioning
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