Behaviourism
- Created by: official-rxhel
- Created on: 06-12-20 20:01
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- Behaviourism
- suggests that all behaviour is acquired and maintained through classical and operant conditioning.
- Classical Condtioning
- learning by association between the unconditioned stimulus and the neutral stimulus
- Pavlov (1890) demostrates this with dogs
- When steak was introduced to the dog it caused the dog to salivate
- Steak= UCS Salvate= UCR Bell= NS
- The UCS was repeatedly paired to a neutral stimulus thus turning it into a conditioned stimulus
- Steak=UCS Bell= CS Salivate= CR
- When steak was introduced to the dog it caused the dog to salivate
- Little Albert (Watson 1920)
- When introducted to the rat no fear was shown, however when a loud clang was produced from a hammer hitting steel Albert cried out of fear
- rat = NS hammer=UCS cry=UCR
- During conditionig, the UCS was paired with the NS therefore making albert cry whenever the rat was near
- rat=CS cry=CR
- When introducted to the rat no fear was shown, however when a loud clang was produced from a hammer hitting steel Albert cried out of fear
- Operant conditioning
- behaviour is shaped by the consequences
- positive reinforcement occurs when we carry out a behaviour for a reward
- for eg recieving praise for completing your hw
- Negative reinforement occurs when we dont behave in a particular way to avoid negative consequences
- eg not completing hww results in detention
- Skinner's box () represens positive and negative reinforcement using a rat in a box
- the rat learnt that pulling the lever down resulted in a snack
- the rat learn that not pulling the lever resulted in an electric shock
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