Two Process Model of Phobias
- Created by: amberholloway
- Created on: 22-05-17 10:57
View mindmap
- Behavioural Explanation of Phobias
- Two Process Model
- Phobias acquired through classical conditioning
- Little Albert Study
- Gave him phobia of white rat= at beginning he showed no fear= paired presence of white rat with loud noise continuously= eventually associate rat with loud noise & become fearful of rat= rat becomes conditioned stimulus which causes conditioned response of fear
- Rat= neutral stimulus. Loud noise= unconditioned stimulus which creates unconditioned response of fear
- Little Albert Study
- Phobias are maintained through operant conditioning
- Negative reinforcement= person avoids stimulus that they are fearful so that they are not anxious/ do not face unpleasant experience= TF maintaining phobia because they are never facing their fear to realise it is irrational
- Phobias acquired through classical conditioning
- Behavioural Characteristic=avoidance, endurance, panic
- Evaluation
- Strenghts
- Explains how phobias are maintained= good for treatments= explains why patients need to be exposed to phobic stimulus= once avoidance beh stops= it's no longer reinforced= phobia is not maintained
- Limitations
- Avoidance beh not only carried to avoid axiety= can also be carried out for positive feelings of safety= ppl may choose to stay indoors because that is where they feel safe= eg= person with agoraphobia can go outside with a trusted person and have little anxiety but they feel safe because they're not alone
- Classical conditioning suggest that phobias are caused by traumas or bad experiences with the phobic stimulus= but some ppl have phobias with no previous trauma
- They can be acquired via social learning= vicarious learning= seeing same sex parent fearful of something, avoid it & their anxiety is reduced=child imitates this beh= reinforced for this avoidance via vicarious reinforcement= seeing their parent's anxiety reduce= also through direct reinforcement=feeling their anxiety reduced
- Psychodynamic theory= displacement= redirecting emotion from one entity to another= phobia can be result of displaced anxiety onto something easier to deal with= fear of zombies= displaced fear of death, following death of loved one
- Strenghts
- Two Process Model
Comments
No comments have yet been made