basics of globalisation

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  • Globalisation
    • the emergence of a complex web of interconnectedness
    • Liberals are optimistic about globalisation
      • globalisation creates greater connectivity between states and therefore builds trust and understanding
    • Realists are sceptical of globalisation an the extent to which it should challenge primacy of the state
      • the nation state should act in its citizens interests and the action to pool sovereignty through IGOs undermines the right of the state to determine policy itself
        • President trump's commitment to protectionism is a highly realist approach to international trade by trying to protect US workers jobs rather than the liberal idea of free trade
    • Hyper-globalisers
      • an increasingly borderless world is being created - state borders are more permeable than ever before to goods, people, capital and ideas
        • the nation state is becoming obsolete
          • Academic and lawyer - Philip Bobbitt - the state is being hollowed out by globalisation
    • Intergovernmentalism
      • the interests of nation-states are bound together with IGOs
        • IMF, World Bank, WTO
        • Nation-states have to accept the authority of these bodies even if they are perceived to be against national interest
      • Increasingly IGOs that take leadership in addressing collective dilemmas such as climate change
        • UN war tribunals and ICC establishment have been crucial in developing universal standards which nation-states are expected to abide
    • NGOs
      • they have transnational influence which the internet facilitates and which reaches across borders
      • Human rights watch and greenpeace who inform political debate across the world
    • Nation-state
      • still key decision maker when negotiating with other states, and although global cooperation through IGOs has increased, it is up to the state to decide the extent to which they will participate
        • eg. the permanent members of UNSC having the power to veto on whether or not they want to engage in conflict resolution
        • Article 50 of the treaty of Lisbon, enabling states to regain sovereignty from the EU
      • The Syrian governments human rights abuses have not triggered a response from the international community according to principles of conditional sovereignty outlined in the UN's R2P

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