Statistical Concepts
- Created by: kaytlhone101
- Created on: 01-05-18 11:49
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- Basic Statistical Concepts
- Statistical Models
- aim of stats is to take data and make sense of it
- Mean
- simplest statistical model
- the models we construct are guided by our hypotheses and research designs
- Scientific Method
- Observation
- Gather information and form hypotheses
- Test hypothesis
- analyse data and draw conclusions
- Report findings to other scientists
- Further research and theory building
- Formulate hypotheses from theory
- Population
- anyone and everyone we're interested in
- Sample
- Random sampling is important to obtain a representative sample
- Its important to report sampling method and sample characteristic
- Convenience
- Systematic
- Cluster
- Stratified
- Sampling Error
- Degree of bias or imperfection in the study
- Causes differences between the results and conclusions for our sample
- Variable
- 'a property of an object or event that can take on different values
- Variables should be specific and measurable
- Catergorical
- Natural or artificial categories; can only take on few values
- Continuous
- can take on any value between the highest and lowest possible values
- Hypotheses
- A prediction, formulated as a statement
- Qualitative research answers a research question
- Qualitative Methods
- Analyse material for consistent themes
- Gather numerical data to test the hypothesis using stats
- Scales of Measurement
- Nominal Scales
- Names and Labels
- Ordinal Scales
- Orders and ranks
- Interval Scales
- True differences between values: Total scores on anxiety
- Ratio Scales
- True differences between the values and a true Zero point
- Nominal Scales
- Histogram
- shows range of the data
- Shows frequency of different data points
- Analysing Data
- Descriptive Stats
- describe the main numerical features of a set of scores
- Inferential Stats
- findings from these tests allow us to make inferences about the population
- Descriptive Stats
- Measures of Deviation
- Dispersion, deviation or variance
- Variance
- square all deviations giving all positive values
- Standard Deviation
- square root of the variance for the sample
- Statistical Models
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