Basic Human Reproduction Anatomy 1
- Created by: Sophieparkinson19
- Created on: 04-01-21 11:28
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- Basic Human Reproduction Anatomy
- Uterus
- Hollow, Muscular
- Pear shaped
- Mechanical protection for a developing embryo/foetus
- Nutritional support
- Responsible for contractions
- Waste removal
- Ovaries
- Pair of glands
- Pair of oocytes
- Secretion of hormones
- Elliptical structure (2-4cm long)
- Outer/ Inner connective tissue- stroma
- Small central medulla: nerves and blood vessels
- Fallopian Tubes
- Muscular and end in a funnel-shaped depository the infundibulum
- Finger-like projections (fibriae)
- Cilia- help to sweep a fertilized oocyte to the uterus
- Cervix
- Lower third of uterus
- Physical barrier between vagina and uterus
- changes through cycle
- Female Reproductive System Anatomy
- Breasts/ mammary glands
- "Accessory reproductive organs"
- 15-20 clusters of glands that become active during and after pregnancy
- Pheromones
- Lower odor communication- small olfactory bulb in the brain
- Suppressed sense of smell in modern society
- Ovarian Cycle: Preparation for Fertilisation
- Average of 28 days (counted from the first day of menstruation)
- Females are born with all the oocytes they will ever have
- Females at sexual maturity- 20,000 primary oocytes left in each ovary
- 450 ovarian cycles
- Menstruation begins at puberty (around 12-15 years old)
- Menopause marks the end of a female's fertility (around 50 years old)
- Ovarian and Uterine Cycles
- Growth and breakdown of the endometrium in parallel to ovarian cycle
- 28th day- no blastocyst? Breakdown of endometrium
- Male Reproductive System Anatomy
- Primary sex organs produce and deliver semen - spermatozoa
- Accessory organs: ducts, glands
- Hormonal control: maintenance of reproductive functions, dominated by androgens
- Scrotum
- Pouch of skin holding testes
- Outside body cavity
- Optimum temperature for spermatozoa
- Muscles in scrotum contract at lower temperatures and relax when hot
- Penis
- Three cylinders of spongy erectile tissue (modified veins)
- Erectile tissue fills up with blood- creates pressure
- Closes off the vessels (stops blood drainage)
- Penis Bone
- Most mammals
- Copulation still depends on the erectile tissue
- The Testes
- Production of sperm and testosterone
- Six cell types
- 250-300 seminiferous tubules up to a metre long each (80% mass)
- Five types of developing sperm cells
- Sustentacular cells- Sertoli cells
- Semen
- Sperm cells only constitute 5% of semen volume
- Mixture of fluids that support sperm and facilitate fertilisation
- Ejaculated semen coagulates
- Anticoagulant- sperm swim through reproductive tracts
- Sperm production is an ongoing process that takes 74 days
- Male Pathway
- Testes
- Epididymis (monitors and adjusts fluid; stores and protects sperm)
- Vas Deferens (40-45cm long, transportation of mature sperm to urethra)
- Ejaculatory duct
- Urethra (18-20cm long, begins in bladder-> outside of body)
- Uterus
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