Dietary content and function

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  • Created by: KatieHe
  • Created on: 18-03-17 11:20
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  • Balanced diet
    • Dietary fibre
      • Wholegrain, Cereals, Vegetables
        • Non-startch, structural polysaccharides including cellulose, only available from plan sources
        • Gives bulk to food residues in the intestines
        • Aids gastrointestinal functioning
      • Large amount, 20-40 g per day
    • Fats
      • Butter, oil, pastry, fried food
        • Secondary energy supply
        • Adsorbed as fatty acids and glycerol in small intestine and triglycerides in adipose tissue
          • Triglycerides taken to the liver via the circulatory system
            • In the liver they are converted to glucose
              • Available as delayed (20 minute delay) energy source for long duration low intensity aerobic exercise
      • 20-25%
    • Vitamins
      • Vitamin A, Vitamin C
        • Organic substances needed for crucial functions in nearly all bodily functions
        • Regulate  metabolism and facilitate energy release
        • Have important functions in bone formation and tissue synthesis
      • Small amounts essential
    • Proteins
      • Meat, Eggs, Milk, Cheese, Nuts
        • Absorbed as amino acids in small intestine
        • Used for growth and repair by all tissues
        • Used when body is depleted of CHO and fat
        • Excess protein not needed for tissue repair is broken down and used as energy supply
      • 10-15%
    • Minerals
      • Calcium, iron, Sodium, Potassium
        • Calcium provides structure in bones and teeth
        • Iron is needed for red blood cell production
        • Other minerals assist in synthesising glycogen, fat and protein
      • Small amounts essential
    • Carbohydrate (CHO)
      • Sugars, Rice, Potatoes, Pasta
        • Main energy supply
        • adsorbed as glucose in small intestine, transported around body as blood glucose
        • Available for immediate energy
        • Excess stored as muscle and liver glycogen and as fat
      • 60%
    • Water
      • 72% of muscle weight and 50% of adipose tissue
      • Provides the body's transport and reactive medium
      • Transports nutrients and has a main role in the body production of urine and faeces
      • Lubricates joints, stopping bones grinding against one another
      • Provides structure and form to the body
      • 5 litres per day
    • Macro nutrients
      • Proteins
        • Meat, Eggs, Milk, Cheese, Nuts
          • Absorbed as amino acids in small intestine
          • Used for growth and repair by all tissues
          • Used when body is depleted of CHO and fat
          • Excess protein not needed for tissue repair is broken down and used as energy supply
        • 10-15%
    • Micro nutrients
      • Water
        • 72% of muscle weight and 50% of adipose tissue
        • Provides the body's transport and reactive medium
        • Transports nutrients and has a main role in the body production of urine and faeces
        • Lubricates joints, stopping bones grinding against one another
        • Provides structure and form to the body
        • 5 litres per day

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