B7- ecosystems
- Created by: superlouasaur
- Created on: 30-03-15 11:16
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- B7- learning from nature
- Linear and closed loop systems
- Linear- not sustainable
- Things are being used quicker than being reproduced
- produce waste
- Energy is linear (can't be reused)
- Closed loop
- One part of the system's output becomes another parts input
- Photosynthesis and respiration
- Take-reuse-recycle
- Linear- not sustainable
- Natural ecosystems
- Closed loop ecosystems
- Barn owls
- Masai people
- Closed loop ecosystems
- Waste disposal
- Cycling of materials
- Dead organic matter
- Any material that was once part of an living organism
- Usually broken up by enzymes
- Dead organic matter
- Bacteria and nitrogen
- Nitrogen fixing bacteria turn nitrogen into nitrates (in soil)
- Plants the use the nitrates make protein and DNA
- One type of decomposing bacteria break down proteins and amino acids into ammonium ions
- Other bacteria turn the ammonium ions into nitrates
- In anaerobic soil nitrates are turned into nitrogen (waterlogged or compacted)
- Nitrogen fixing bacteria turn nitrogen into nitrates (in soil)
- Bacteria and carbon
- Bacteria in soil turn carbohydrates in DOM (cellulose and starch)
- Carbohydrates provide glucose for the bacteria to respire
- The bacteria respire and turn it into CO2
- Carbohydrates provide glucose for the bacteria to respire
- Carbon originally taken from the atmosphere by photosynthesis
- Carbon is a reactant that is recycled
- Bacteria in soil turn carbohydrates in DOM (cellulose and starch)
- Cycling of materials
- Gains and losses
- Abundance without waste
- Transfer of pollen is called pollination
- Pollen has the male sex cells in it
- Needed to feritise female sex cells and produce seeds
- Natural insurance policy
- Producing lots of pollen increases the chance that more flowers will be pollinated
- Pollen has the male sex cells in it
- Basically producing loads to increase chances
- In stable ecosystems all DOM decomposes and are recycled
- Transfer of pollen is called pollination
- Perfect closed loop systems
- Don't need to worry about wasting energy because there is a constant supply from the sun
- Most eco systems have both inputs and ouputs so are not perfect
- A stable eco system has no overall gains and losses- the inputs and outputs are balanced
- Abundance without waste
- Ecosystem services
- Include the different ways ecosystems provide for human needs
- Clean water
- perfect loop has been broken by deforistation
- removing source of DOM
- Dealing with waste
- Non biodegradable waste cannot be broken up by enzymes
- Plastics float down rivers into the sea
- kill small animals that feed fish
- Birds, fish and turtles cannot digest it
- Bioaccumulation of toxic chemicals
- chemicals called dioxins are made from bleached products
- Dioxins, heavy metals and other chemicals accumulate in ecosystems
- Heavy metals are linked to birth defects and cancer
- Dioxins are linked to cancer, birth defects and problems with the immune system
- Bioaccumulation is the slow release of chemicals
- Waste doesn't build up in natural ecosystems
- Sustainable food production
- Humans remove biomass can cause irreversible changes
- Euthorication
- Nutrients from non organic fertilizers are washed into rivers and lakes
- Cause algae to grow rapidly
- Algae dies and decays in the water
- Bacteria that causes the decay use up dissolved oxygen in the water
- Causes oxygen levels to drop dramatically
- Kills animals in the water and plants that would normally photosynthesise
- Causes oxygen levels to drop dramatically
- Bacteria that causes the decay use up dissolved oxygen in the water
- Algae dies and decays in the water
- Cause algae to grow rapidly
- Nutrients from non organic fertilizers are washed into rivers and lakes
- Farmers use manure and organic fertilizers to make the systems closed
- Crop rotation uses plants such as clover with nitrogen fixing bacteria in their roots
- Use clover to replenish the soil with nitrogen compounds
- Crop rotation uses plants such as clover with nitrogen fixing bacteria in their roots
- Unsustainable fishing
- Over fishing
- Set laws on limits
- Desertification
- Preventing the land turning to desert
- Herds are moved to avoid over grazing
- Native species are adapted to it
- Sustainable forests
- Primary forests have never been cut down
- Slowly being destroyed to meett he needs of local people
- Loss of forests causes soil erosion, mud slides, silting of rivers, flash floods, loss of cloud cover and drought
- Removing biomass changes a closed loop system into a linear one
- Sustainable use of timber means replacing the trees and nutrients as quickly as they are taken away
- Eco-labeling- shows wood is from a sustainable forest
- Forests are carbon sinks- store carbon in wood
- Primary forests have never been cut down
- Oil
- Comes from dead bodies of minute animals and plants (lived in sea millions of years ago)
- Heat and mass turn this biomass into oil
- Sand and silt form over it and turn it into rock
- Mine through the rock to allow the oil to flow up to the surface
- Made of hydrocarbons
- When burnt it is releasing energy from fossil sunlight
- Being used quicker than can be replaced
- Crude oil is easy to extract so most has been used up
- Oil economy is a linear system
- gives off CO2 plus other products made with oil like plastics and synthetic materials are not biodegradable
- Plants grow quicker if there is more CO2 (natural negative feedback system)
- Released when oil is burnt
- Comes from dead bodies of minute animals and plants (lived in sea millions of years ago)
- The sun
- Intensive farming causes pollution
- Traditional methods do not provide enough food
- Biofuels require land needed for food
- Waste from industry can be reused so it is a "technical nutrient"
- Sustainable model for manufacturing
- Only biodegradable waste would be returned to soil
- Energy would come from the sun or other sustainable energy sources
- Apply closed loop systems to humans
- Intensive farming causes pollution
- Linear and closed loop systems
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