Biology B7.1
Detailed mind map on B7.1
- Created by: keeels
- Created on: 14-06-13 17:45
View mindmap
- B7.1
- Skeleton
- supports the body and allows movement
- Stores minerals such as calcuim and phosphorus
- Makes red blood cells, phatelets and some white blood cells in bone marrow
- Forms a system of leeves with muscles attached, which allows the body to move
- Protects internal organs, for example the pelvis protects the reproductive organs
- Peak perfomance in activities needing physical strength and flexibility rely on a system of soft tissues supported by a tough and flexible Skeleton
- The skeleton is made up of tissue such as bone and cartilage (live cells)
- blood brings oxygen and nutrients to the cells
- Bone is continually broken down and rebuilt , which allows for a child's bone to grow in size
- Weight bearing exercises such as jogging simulate bone growth, increasing its density.
- Inactivity makes bones less dense and weaker
- Exercise
- Background info required..
- Lifestyle factors, such as smoking and drinking
- Medication, you might need to have medication such as a inhaler close at hand.
- family history, illness can be inherited (important to know this)
- family history, illness can be inherited (important to know this)
- Physical activity to ensure the course is challenging
- Health problems such as high blood pressure
- Fitness treatments , what has worked before
- Baseline data
- Data gathered at the start of a study or experiment so that the patterns and connections can be established
- recovery period - the fitter you get the faster your recovery period after physical activities
- Blood pressure - When you do strenuous exercise your heart beats more forcefully and your blood pressure increases. 120/8mmHg is a typical value for a healthy person
- Proportion of body fat - Too much body fat puts a strain on your heart and your arteries may become dangerously narrowed
- Body mass index (BMI) - this measures your body mass based on your height. BMI= body mass / {height(m)}2
- Heart rate - As you exercise your heart reate increases. your heart beats faster to deliver more food and nutrients to your muscles.It is recommended that you train at 60% of your max heart rate
- Injuries
- Sprains
- This usually happens when you overstretch a ligament by twisting your ankle or knee.
- Symptoms include:Redness and swelling. Surface Bruising. Difficulty walking . Dull, throbbing ache or sharp, cramping pain.
- This usually happens when you overstretch a ligament by twisting your ankle or knee.
- Torn Ligaments
- The joint is painfully bruised and very hard to bend. You might see a dent where the ligament is torn.
- Sprains
- This usually happens when you overstretch a ligament by twisting your ankle or knee.
- Symptoms include:Redness and swelling. Surface Bruising. Difficulty walking . Dull, throbbing ache or sharp, cramping pain.
- This usually happens when you overstretch a ligament by twisting your ankle or knee.
- Torn Tendons
- Tendons can stretch, become inflamed and even snap like a worn out elastic band
- Dislocations
- When a bone comes out of its socket.
- Treatments RICE - REST, ICE , COMPRESSION , ELEVATION.
- Torn Ligaments
- The joint is painfully bruised and very hard to bend. You might see a dent where the ligament is torn.
- Physiotherapy and not doing vigorous exercise for 2- 3months
- Dislocations
- When a bone comes out of its socket.
- Torn Tendons
- Tendons can stretch, become inflamed and even snap like a worn out elastic band
- Torn Ligaments
- Sprains
- Background info required..
- Joints and Movement
- Ball and socket joints - at your hip and shoulder they are the most versatile and can move in every direction.
- HInge joints - such as the knee and elbow can only move backwards and fowards
- Ligaments - bands of tough. elastic tissue holding each bones to each other
- Tendon- Tough band of inelastic tissue attaching muscle to bone
- Cartilage a smooth protective surface covers the bone ends, providing easy movement
- Synovial fluid - This lubricates and nourishes the tissues in the joint capsule
- Synovial membrane - this tissue lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid
- Inelastic tendons transmit the forces from muscles to the bones. Muscles can only pull a bone for movement at a joint. after contracting, the muscle is stretched again only when the bone is pulled back by another muscle.
- So at least two muscles must act at every joint - one muscle contracts to bend the joint , the other to straighten it.
- Muscles that work opposite each other are called an antagonistic pair - Shoulder biceps and triceps.
- Skeleton
Comments
No comments have yet been made