gcse science biology unit B6
- Created by: charlie
- Created on: 26-05-13 19:53
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- B6
- bacteria
- 4 shapes
- rods
- curved rods
- spheres
- spirals
- nutrients from surroundings
- energy
- asexual reproduction
- binary fission(split in two)
- clones
- inc. by warmth and nutrients
- binary fission(split in two)
- culturing
- aseptic technique
- making yoghurt
- pasteurise milk
- lactobacillus b. added
- incubated in fermenter
- b. break down lactose sugar into lactic acid
- clots and solidifies
- fruits added
- clots and solidifies
- b. break down lactose sugar into lactic acid
- incubated in fermenter
- lactobacillus b. added
- pasteurise milk
- some produce own nutrients
- 4 shapes
- viruses
- only reproduce inside living cells
- infect plant, animal and bacteria cells
- very particular
- attaches to host and inserts genetic material
- uses host to make new v.
- host splits releasing loads
- uses host to make new v.
- diseases transmitted
- food
- food poisoning
- water
- cholera
- air borne droplets
- influenza
- contact
- athletes foot
- food
- infectious disease
- microo. enters body (mouth..)
- reproduces rapidly
- produces damaging toxins to cells
- microo. and immune system causes symptoms
- time between exposure and symptoms- incubation period
- microo. and immune system causes symptoms
- produces damaging toxins to cells
- reproduces rapidly
- antiseptics
- outside- clean wound and prevent
- antibiotics
- inside- pill to people already infected
- resistant bacteria (MRSA)
- random mutations in DNA change characteristics
- bacteria survive and gene passed on
- gene more common in pop.
- bacteria survive and gene passed on
- finish course and prescribe when necessary
- random mutations in DNA change characteristics
- Louis pasteur
- germ theory (1961)
- spontaneous g. was wrong
- germs in the air
- one curved end glass
- one straight end glass
- germ theory (1961)
- joseph lister
- knew about germ theory used carbolic acid
- prevented sepsis
- knew about germ theory used carbolic acid
- flemming
- penicillin
- left out agar plate and around mould no bacteria grew
- penicillin
- microo. enters body (mouth..)
- yeast
- anaerobic during fermentation
- C6H12O6=2C2H5OH+2CO2
- aerobic before so more energy released
- growth rate varies depending on condition
- optimum temp.
- lots of food
- toxic waste slows it down (ethanol)
- optimum pH
- measured on how much glucose broken down
- sugary wastewater cleaned up
- yeast treats - uses up sugar in resp.
- anaerobic during fermentation
- brewing beer and wine
- sugar out of barley/grapes
- b. grains germinate and dry then water added
- yeast added into warm incubator
- fermentation to alcohol until yeast die
- chemicals added for clearness
- beer pasteurised- kill leftover yeast
- wine isnt- any leftover improve taste
- chemicals added for clearness
- fermentation to alcohol until yeast die
- yeast added into warm incubator
- b. grains germinate and dry then water added
- distillation improves alcohol content
- after fermentation solution
- heated 78 d.c
- separates alcohol vapour and water
- pure alcohol condensed in collecting vessel
- separates alcohol vapour and water
- heated 78 d.c
- after fermentation solution
- sugar out of barley/grapes
- bio fuels
- biomass
- plant matter stores energy
- transferred to useful forms
- fast growing trees burnt
- biomass fermented creating biogas
- transferred to useful forms
- plant matter stores energy
- biogas
- 70% CH4, 30% CO2
- >50% methane burns easily
- 10% methane explosive
- made in digester=fermenter
- bacteria break down without O2 (ferment)
- sustainable/carbon neutral
- clean- doesnt produce particulates
- not as much energy
- habitats loss+extinction
- ethanol as biofuel
- cleaner than other petrols
- made by fermentation
- +petrol=gasohol
- less crude oil
- uses sugar to ferment
- carbon neutral
- biomass
- soils
- different particulates
- sandy
- large mineral particles
- large pores
- high air content+permeable
- clay
- tiny particles
- small pores
- low air content+non permeable
- retains water
- loam
- mixture sand+clay
- properties depend on % mixture
- mixture sand+clay
- all contain humus
- dead organic matter
- supports the soil life
- dead organic matter
- sandy
- experiments
- humus
- bunsen burner (550d.c) weigh before+after
- water
- wet soil-oven(105d.c) weigh b+a
- air
- loose soil in tin+ add water with pipette measure till fill to top
- humus
- full of living things
- herbivores(slug)
- carnivores(spider)
- detritivores (millipede)
- carnivores(spider)
- protozoa, fungi, bacteria
- conditions
- water+O2
- H20- carry out reactions
- O2- respiration
- humus
- decomposed, dead organic matter
- inc. mineral+air(O2) content
- decomposed, dead organic matter
- water+O2
- earthworms
- Darwin
- good for soil structure+fertility
- bury leaves+other organic m. for decomposers
- burrows- aeration
- O2
- waterlogg- drainage
- mix up layers- spread nutrients
- poo is less acidic than soil eat- neutralise
- good for soil structure+fertility
- Darwin
- herbivores(slug)
- different particulates
- bacteria
- some produce own nutrients
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