B5-Communicable disease
- Created by: sonalichaggar2003
- Created on: 28-03-18 15:07
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- B5-Communicable disease
- Viral diseases
- HIV (Humans)
- Initially the person has flu-like symptoms and can develop into AIDS
- HIV is spread by direct sexual contact or the exchange of bodily fluids such as blood by sharing needles
- HIV can be controlled with antiretroviral drugs
- Can be an STD
- Measles (Humans)
- Main symptoms are a fever and a red skin rash
- Spread by inhalation of droplets from coughs and sneezes and is very infectious
- Tobacco mosaic virus (Plants)
- Mainly affects tomato and tobacco plants
- Causes a distinctive mosaic pattern of discolouration on the plants
- Affects the growth of the plant because the plant cannot carry photosynthesis as well
- HIV (Humans)
- Health and disease
- Other factors can also affect health: Diet, stress and life situations
- Communicable dieases are diseases caused by pathogens that can be passed on from one person to another
- Non-communicable diseases are diseases that cannot be transmitted from one person to another
- Health is a state of physical and mental wellbeing
- Pathogens
- Spread: By air, direct contact, by water
- Vectors are organisms that spread the protist disease but don't get it themselves
- 4 types: Protist (Malaria), Fungi (Athlete's foot), Virus (HIV), Prokaryote (bacteria) (Leprosy)
- Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease
- Spread: By air, direct contact, by water
- Bacteria and viruses
- Bacteria rapidly divide by splitting into two (binary fission). They produce toxins that affect your body making you feel ill
- Can be treated with antibiotics
- Viruses take over the cells of your body and live and reproduce in the cells, damaging and destroying them
- Bacteria rapidly divide by splitting into two (binary fission). They produce toxins that affect your body making you feel ill
- Bacterial diseases
- Gonorrhea
- Is an STD
- Spread by unprotected sex
- Symptoms include: Thick yellow/green discharge from penis or vagina and pain during urination
- Salmonella (Food poisoning)
- Symptoms are fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea created by the bacteria and toxins they secrete
- In UK poultry are vaccinated against salmonella
- Gonorrhea
- Fungal diseases
- Rose black spot is a fungal disease of rose leaves that causes black or purple spots to develop and the leaves turn yellow and drop off early
- Less photosynthesis can happen which means plant doesn't grow as well
- Carried in the wind or by water
- Gardeners treat the disease using chemical fungicides, ********* and burning affected leaves and stems so it cannot spread
- Less photosynthesis can happen which means plant doesn't grow as well
- Rose black spot is a fungal disease of rose leaves that causes black or purple spots to develop and the leaves turn yellow and drop off early
- Diseases cause by protists
- Malaria is a disease caused by protists that are parasites
- Causes repeating episodes of fever
- Prevented with: mosquito nets, insecticides, antimalarial drugs
- Causes repeating episodes of fever
- Mosquitoes are vectors
- Malaria is a disease caused by protists that are parasites
- Human defence systems
- First line of defence
- Made up of the skin, nose, trachea and bronchi, and stomach acid
- If you cut or damage your skin your skin restores it and prevents you from bleeding, produces antimicrobial secretions to destroy pathogenic bacteria
- Healthy skin is covered with microorganisms that help keep you healthy and act as an extra barrier
- The stomach produces hydrochloric acid which destroys microorganisms and mucus swallowed as well as majority of other pathogens
- The trachea and bronchi also secrete mucus and the lining of the tubes are covered in cilia which sweep mucus to the throat and is swallowed
- Nose is full of hairs and produces mucus which traps particles that may contain pathogens
- If you cut or damage your skin your skin restores it and prevents you from bleeding, produces antimicrobial secretions to destroy pathogenic bacteria
- Made up of the skin, nose, trachea and bronchi, and stomach acid
- Second line of defence
- White blood cells (phagocytes)
- WIP PAPA
- White blood cells, ingest, pathogens, produce antibodies, produce, antitoxins
- 1. White blood cells can ingest pathogens and destroy them; phagocytosis
- 2. Each pathogen has a unique set of proteins on its surface called antigens. White blood cells produce antibodies which is specific to that antigen
- Once your white blood cells have produced antibodies against a specific pathogen, they can be made quickly if that pathogen gets back into the body
- 3. White blood cells can produce antitoxins which counteract the toxins released by pathogens
- 2. Each pathogen has a unique set of proteins on its surface called antigens. White blood cells produce antibodies which is specific to that antigen
- WIP PAPA
- White blood cells (phagocytes)
- First line of defence
- Plants
- Mineral ions
- Plants need mineral ions from the soil. If there aren't enough, plants suffer from deficiency symptoms
- 1. Nitrates are needed to make proteins and therefore growth. A lack of nitrates causes a stunted growth
- 2. Magnesium ions are needed to make chlorophyll, without it photosynthesis cannot happen and the plant suffers from chlorosis and has yellow leaves
- 1. Nitrates are needed to make proteins and therefore growth. A lack of nitrates causes a stunted growth
- Plants need mineral ions from the soil. If there aren't enough, plants suffer from deficiency symptoms
- Plants defences
- Physical: 1. Waxy cuticles; stops pathogens entering. 2 Cell walls which forms physical barrier after waxy cuticle. 3. layers of dead cell which act as barrier
- Chemical: 1. Some can produce antibacterial chemicals which kill bacteria e.g. mint plant=witch hazel. 2. Others produce poisons which deter herbivores e.g tobacco plants
- Mechanical barriers: 1. Some plants have thorns and hairs. 2. Some have leaves that curl which knock off insects. 3. Some mimic other organisms
- Mineral ions
- Viral diseases
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