B4 - organising animals and plants
- Created by: Inaya_oxo
- Created on: 03-11-16 19:42
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- B4 - Organising Animals and Plants
- B4.1 - The Blood
- Plasma
- it is what blood is based on
- yellow liquid
- transports cells and other substances around the body
- Platelets
- small fragments off cells
- helps blood to clot when there is a wound
- have no nucleus
- Red blood cells
- picks up oxygen and takes it to where its needed
- have no nucleus
- biconcave disks
- White Blood cells
- have a nucleus
- form antibodies and are part of the body's defence system
- Plasma
- B4.2 - The Blood Vessels
- Arteries
- carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the other organs
- you can feel this as a pulse
- thick walls that contain muscles and elastic fibres
- Viens
- carries blood from the organs to the heart
- does not have a pulse
- thin walls to prevent backflow of blood
- Capillaries
- links the arteries and viens
- narrow and have thin walls for efficient diffusion
- double circulatory system
- one carries blood from your heart to your lungs and back
- one carries blood from your heart to the rest of the organs and back
- Arteries
- B4.3 - The Heart
- As a pump
- the heart has 4 chambers
- ventricles pump blood out of the heart
- the blood comes from the veins into the artia
- then through the valve and into the ventricles
- then out through the arteries
- then through the valve and into the ventricles
- Problems with blood flow
- coronary heart disease can occur causing the heart muscle to become narrow
- can be because of the fatty build up on the lining of the muscles
- coronary heart disease can occur causing the heart muscle to become narrow
- As a pump
- B4.4 - Helping The Heart
- Leaky valve
- over time may not open or close properly
- makes people breathless and eventually die
- Artificial pacemaker
- if the heart beats to slowly not enough oxygen can be passed
- if its to fast it cant pump blood properly
- sends strong electric signals to the heart to allow it to beat properly
- if the heart beats to slowly not enough oxygen can be passed
- Artificial Heart
- needed when the heart fails completely
- used to give a diseased heart a rest
- Leaky valve
- B4.5 - Breathing and Gas Exchange
- Breathing in
- 1) as the ribs move up the diaphragm flattens
- volume in the chest increases
- 2) bigger volume means lower pressure in the chest
- air moves into the lungs
- 1) as the ribs move up the diaphragm flattens
- Breathing out
- 1) as the ribs fall the diaphragm rises
- the volume in the chest decreases
- 2) decreased volume means increased pressure in the test
- 3) air moves out of the lungs
- 1) as the ribs fall the diaphragm rises
- Gas exchange system
- the lungs are protected by the ribcage
- separated from the digestive system by the diophragm
- the diaphragm is a sheet of strong muscle
- system moves air in and out of your lungs
- allows efficient exchange in the alvioli
- Adaptations of alvioli
- made in clusters which means a big surface area
- allows the diffusion of gas to become quicker
- rich supply of blood cappilaries
- maintains a concentration gradient in both directions
- made in clusters which means a big surface area
- Breathing in
- B5.6 - Tissues and Organs in Plants
- Plant Tissues
- Epidermal tissue covers the surface of the leave and protects it
- produces a waxy substance which is waterproof
- palisade mesophyll produce lots of chloroplast
- spongey mesophyll also contains some chloroplast
- also has big air sacs with large surface areas for diffusion
- spongey mesophyll also contains some chloroplast
- Epidermal tissue covers the surface of the leave and protects it
- Plant organs
- plant tissues are arranged to form organs
- the stem leaves and roots are also organs
- each organ carries out a specific function
- plant tissues are arranged to form organs
- Plant organ systems
- the whole body forms an organ system
- plant organ systems are the biggest in the living world
- all organs move substances around the plant
- Plant Tissues
- B4.7 - Transport Systems in Plants
- Ploem
- transports sugars
- vital for respiation
- provides materials for growth
- moves from the leaves to the rest of the plant
- moves where new plant cells are needed to be made
- also moved to storage organs for winter
- it is a live tissue
- movement is called traslocation
- found in a ring under the bark
- transports sugars
- Xylem
- carries water and mineral ions
- needed to produce protein and other molecules
- moves from the soil to the rest of the plant
- the mature cells are dead
- makes up most of a tree's bark
- carries water and mineral ions
- Ploem
- B4.8 - Evaporation and Transpiration
- Evaporation
- as there is water leaving the leaf more water is entering through the xylem
- the movement of water is called transpiration steam
- anything that effects the rate of evaporation also effects the rate of transpiration
- Transpiration
- 1) when the stomata open the plants loose water vapour
- 2) the water vapour then evaporates from the lining of the air sacs
- 3) the water vapour then leaves the leaf through the stomata by diffusion
- transpiration is the loss of water vapour
- stomata are pores on the leaf
- it is important for plants to close their stomata so that less water vapour is lost
- hot, dry and windy conditions make the process faster
- this is because more water evaporates and diffusion happens faster
- as temperature increases the molecules move faster which means diffusion is faster
- Evaporation
- B4.1 - The Blood
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