B3B: Humans and their environment
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?- Created by: ViolinGirl96
- Created on: 30-04-13 18:52
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- B3B: Humans and their environment
- As standard of living increses, so does...
- Waste- pollution
- Water--> Sewage, fertiliser, toxic Chemicals
- Air--> Smoke, gases contributing to acid rain (SO2)
- Land--> Toxic chemicals eg. pesticide & herbicide washed from land into waterways.
- Land reduction
- Building
- Quarrying
- Farming
- Dumping
- Deforestation
- Has occured for timber & agriculture
- Crops can be grown from which biofuels, based on ethanol, can be produced.
- Increase in cattle & rice fields to producemore food.
- Problems
- Reduced biodiversity- destroys habitats
- Increase in release of CO2 into atmosphere- burnt/ left to decay- locked up carbon
- Reduced rate of removal of CO2 from atmosphere- less absorbed by trees
- Rice fields & cows produce methane as a waste product- green house gas- greenhouse effect- harmful rays.
- Has occured for timber & agriculture
- Waste- pollution
- Causes of Increase in Greenhouse Gases in Atmosphere
- Methane
- Cows
- Rice Paddy Fields
- Co2
- Deforestation
- Respiration of microorganisms decaying timber
- Less removal of CO2 from atmosphere by trees.
- Burning fossil fuels
- Oxygen + Carbon --> Carbon Dioxide
- Removing CO2 from the atmosphere:
- Sequestered (hidden/locked away) in oceans, lakes ponds.
- Deforestation
- Methane
- Global Warming
- Average increase in temperature of the the Earth
- Effects:
- Climate Change
- Rise in Sea Level- Ice Caps Melting
- Reduce biodiversity- extinction
- Changed in migration patterns
- Changes in distribution of species
- Biofuels
- Ethanol
- Fermantation= anaerobic respiration by microbes
- Graph
- Ethanol production rises- CO2 levels fall.
- Graph
- Cheap- Starch= source of carbs for respiration.
- No bacteria wanted
- Competition for microbes; sterilised equipment.
- Carbon Neutral?
- Yes
- Ethanol burnt releasing same amount of CO2 as Photosynthesis removes from atmosphere.
- No
- Machines burning fossil fuels- transport, packing.
- Deforestation- releasing 'locked-up' carbon due to burning/respiration of decay microbes.
- Fertiliser= releases CO2 when made.
- Yes
- Removes land otherwise used for food production.
- Intensive farming- fertilisers, machines, airmiles--> transport; produce CO2
- No
- Machines burning fossil fuels- transport, packing.
- Deforestation- releasing 'locked-up' carbon due to burning/respiration of decay microbes.
- Fertiliser= releases CO2 when made.
- No
- Intensive farming- fertilisers, machines, airmiles--> transport; produce CO2
- Reduces air polution & is renewable
- Fermantation= anaerobic respiration by microbes
- Biogas
- Anaerobic fermentation of plant products/waste material containing carbs.
- Small Scale
- Biogas generators used to supply energy needs of individual families/farms.
- Many different microbes involved in breakdown of materials.
- Keep cold by keeping undergound.
- Small Scale
- Generators
- Advantages
- Carbon Neutral- greener than fossil fuels. CO2 released was taken in by plants.
- Doesn't produce significant amounts of NO2/SO2 (cause acid rain).
- Methane= greenhouse gas responsible for global warming. Given off by untreated waste, so burning means not released into atmosphere.
- Raw material= cheap & available.
- Digested material (slurry)= better fertiliser than undiggested- grow more crops.
- Saves women in developing countries from collecting wood for fuel- education/work.
- Uses waste carbs- effective waste disposal.
- Renewable
- Useful in developing countries off grid.
- Can be small/large scale.
- Disadvantages
- Enzymes denature.
- Cool in hot.
- Insulate/heat in cold.
- Control pressure- could explode.
- Set up costs.
- Stock & monitor generator daily.
- Using land to house generator & pipes.
- Enzymes denature.
- Advantages
- Anaerobic fermentation of plant products/waste material containing carbs.
- Ethanol
- Food Production
- Energy efficiency decreses up food chaindue to respiration.
- Sun
- Wheat
- Cow
- Human
- Cow
- Wheat
- Biomass= living material.
- Sun
- Fusarium- mould/fungus
- Used to make mycoprotein (Quorn)- protein rich food for vegetarians.
- Grown on starch in aerobic conditions.
- Biomass harvested & purified.
- Produces protein biomass from its food faster than animals.
- Cooling system
- Anaerobic respiration- heat= waste product, uses enzymes.
- Protein synthesis- uses enzymes.
- Amino Acids.
- So they're not denatured.
- Anaerobic respiration- heat= waste product, uses enzymes.
- Intensive farming
- E.g. Pigs, Chickens.
- Kept close together indoors in small pens- warm & can't move about- limits energy lost by respiration.
- Transfer of energy form feed to animal more efficient- animals grow faster on less food.
- Cheaper for farmer & consumer when animals are sold.
- Problems with Production & Distribution
- Compromises & conflict:
- Forcing to live in unnatural & uncomfortable conditions= cruel.Growing demand for organic meat- animals won't have to be intensively farmed.
- Crowded conditions on factory farms create favourable environment for spread of disease like avian flu & foot-and-mouth disease.
- Prevent disease- given antibiotics. When eaten, anitbiotics can enter humans. Allows microbes that infect humans to develop immunity to those antibiotics- so the antibiotics become less effective as human medicines.
- Animals need to be kept warm to reduce energy they lose as heat. Often means using power from fossil fuels- which we wouldn't be using power from fossil fuels- which we wouldn't be using if the animals were grazing in their natural environment.
- Our fish stocks are getting low, yet a lot of fish goes on feeding animals that are intensively farmed- these animals wouldn't usually eat this source of food.
- Compromises & conflict:
- Energy efficiency decreses up food chaindue to respiration.
- As standard of living increses, so does...
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