b3.4

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  • B3.4 Humans and Their Environment
    • Human Population
    • Pollution
      • waste can pollute the water through sewage, fertilisers and toxic chemicals
      • the air through smoke and gases.e.g. co2
      • the land through pesticides and herbicides
    • Global warming
      • Levels of gases methane and carbon dioxide are increasing
      • it is increased by cattle and rice fields, burning of chopped down wood and industrial burning
      • Can cause climate change , rise in sea level, reduced biodiversity, migration changes and distribution of species
    • Deforestation
      • this is the large scale cutting down of trees
      • the land is used for crops for biofuels, cattle and rice fields to provide more food
      • Increases carbon dioxide release, reduced rate of photosynthesis and amount of methane in atmosphere
        • Causes reduction in biodiversity
        • peat bogs release carbon dioxide into atmosphere when destroyed
          • reduce this using peat free composts
    • Biofuels
      • biofuels produced from natural products due anaerobic respiration is fermentation
      • Biogas is mainly methane and is produced from plant profucts and carbohydrate waste material
      • large scale bio gas generators are near sewage works which reduced transport costs
      • smaller biogas generators can suppy families and is collected and then digested by bacteria
      • Biogas is dependant on temperature of generator, rate of fermentation, type of waste
        • all generators need to be able to put in and remove waste and removing biogas and transporting it
    • Food Production
      • More efficient to produce food from plants
      • more efficient by reducing number of stages in food chain and restricting energy lost
      • sustainable food production allows food to be consumed now and conserve resources
      • intensive farming can be cheap and secure and the conditions can be controlled as well as energy isnt wasted and cheap for farmer to sell
        • it is also easy for disease to spread and animals can fight to get injured and welfare standards may not be met. Conditions are controlled by burning fossil fuels
    • Food miles
      • this is the distance from where food travels from its growth to where it is bought
        • fossil fuels increase co2 in atmosphere
      • consumers worry that burning fossil fuels produced fuel for transporting food
        • reduce food miles is done by buying in britain and locally
          • Mycoprotein
            • a protein rich food suitable for vegetarians made by Fusarium
            • fungus grows in a fermenter and on glucose syrup or in aerobic conditions
            • biomass is harvested and purified to produce this

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