B2 - The immune system and vaccination
- Created by: Friesia
- Created on: 26-10-15 09:06
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- B2 - Keeping Healthy
- Microorganisms
- includes bacteria, funghi and viruses
- The Immune System
- It fights off invading microbes
- The immune response always involves white blood cells
- White blood cells
- There are different types of white blood cells - each has a different job to do
- Untitled
- 1) Anything that gets into the body should be picked up by a certain type of white blood cell
- 2) These are able to detect things that are 'foreign' to the body
- 3) They then engulf the microbes and digest them
- 4) These are non-specific white blood cells because they attack anything that''s not meant to be there
- 3) They then engulf the microbes and digest them
- 2) These are able to detect things that are 'foreign' to the body
- Some white blood cells attack specific microorganisms
- These recognise specific antigens
- Antigens are substances that trigger immune responses. Theyre usually protein molecules on the surface of a microorganism cells
- These recognise specific antigens
- Certain kinds of white blood cells produce antibodies
- Antibodies are proteins that are specific to a particular antigen.
- Different microorganism = different antigen
- Antibodies attatch onto invading microorganisms and do one of the three things...
- Mark the microorganism so that the other white blood cells can engulf and digest it
- Bind to and neutralise the viruses or toxins
- Attatch to the bacteria and directly kill them
- Antibodies are proteins that are specific to a particular antigen.
- Once the right white blood cell recognises the antigen, it divides to make identical copies. This makes lots of the right antibody to fight the infection
- Untitled
- Some white blood cells stay in the blood after the original infection has been fought off
- memory cells
- They can reproduce very quickly if the same antigen enters the body again
- These produce lots of antibodies which kill off the microorganisms before you get ill
- known as immunity
- These produce lots of antibodies which kill off the microorganisms before you get ill
- They can reproduce very quickly if the same antigen enters the body again
- memory cells
- There are different types of white blood cells - each has a different job to do
- White blood cells
- Vaccination
- When youre infected with a new microorganism, it takes your white blood cells a few days to copy enough times and produce enough antibodies to fight it. By that time, you're pretty ill
- Immunisation involves injecting dead or inactive microorganisms. these carry the same antigens which means that your body produces the right antibodies to fight them. However, the microorganism is harmless.
- The body produces memory cells. Therefore, if the microorganisms attack again, your body can rapidly produce antibodies to kill them off
- This means that you will usually get rid of the microorganisms before reaching a level that makes you sick
- The body produces memory cells. Therefore, if the microorganisms attack again, your body can rapidly produce antibodies to kill them off
- Immunisation involves injecting dead or inactive microorganisms. these carry the same antigens which means that your body produces the right antibodies to fight them. However, the microorganism is harmless.
- When youre infected with a new microorganism, it takes your white blood cells a few days to copy enough times and produce enough antibodies to fight it. By that time, you're pretty ill
- Antimicrobials
- Chemicals that stop the growth of microorganisms or kill them, without seriously damaging your own body cells
- useful for clearing up infections that your own body is having trouble with
- antibiotics
- dont kill viruses eg. flu and colds
- Microorganisms
- The Immune System
- It fights off invading microbes
- The immune response always involves white blood cells
- White blood cells
- There are different types of white blood cells - each has a different job to do
- Untitled
- 1) Anything that gets into the body should be picked up by a certain type of white blood cell
- 2) These are able to detect things that are 'foreign' to the body
- 3) They then engulf the microbes and digest them
- 4) These are non-specific white blood cells because they attack anything that''s not meant to be there
- 3) They then engulf the microbes and digest them
- 2) These are able to detect things that are 'foreign' to the body
- Some white blood cells attack specific microorganisms
- These recognise specific antigens
- Antigens are substances that trigger immune responses. Theyre usually protein molecules on the surface of a microorganism cells
- These recognise specific antigens
- Certain kinds of white blood cells produce antibodies
- Antibodies are proteins that are specific to a particular antigen.
- Different microorganism = different antigen
- Antibodies attatch onto invading microorganisms and do one of the three things...
- Mark the microorganism so that the other white blood cells can engulf and digest it
- Bind to and neutralise the viruses or toxins
- Attatch to the bacteria and directly kill them
- Antibodies are proteins that are specific to a particular antigen.
- Once the right white blood cell recognises the antigen, it divides to make identical copies. This makes lots of the right antibody to fight the infection
- Untitled
- Some white blood cells stay in the blood after the original infection has been fought off
- memory cells
- They can reproduce very quickly if the same antigen enters the body again
- These produce lots of antibodies which kill off the microorganisms before you get ill
- known as immunity
- These produce lots of antibodies which kill off the microorganisms before you get ill
- They can reproduce very quickly if the same antigen enters the body again
- memory cells
- There are different types of white blood cells - each has a different job to do
- White blood cells
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