b1 2
- Created by: bwillows1
- Created on: 11-05-14 11:54
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- B1
- genetic testing
- used on embryos children and adults
- when embryos are produced using IVF doctors can check embryos for certain genetic disorders
- PRE IMPLANTATION GENTIC DIAGNOSIS
- important if parents are sufferers
- healthy ones implanted
- embryos with genetic disorder is destroyed
- PRE IMPLANTATION GENTIC DIAGNOSIS
- doctors can test the fetuses in the womb by testing the fluid surrounding the fetus
- children and adults can be tested to see if children are likely to inherit genetic disorder
- children and adults can be tested before certain drugs are prescribed to them
- issues
- may not be 100% accurate
- contamination or misinterpretation
- false positive/negative result
- people could make decisions based on incorrect information
- contamination or misinterpretation
- people could make decisions based on incorrect information
- may no be 100% safe
- could cause misscarrige
- should other family members be tested?
- should you terminate the pregnancy?
- discrimination
- insurance companies might not give insurance
- may not be 100% accurate
- clones
- genetically identical organisms
- asexual reproduction
- bacteria// some plants // some animals
- same genes and same alleles of those genes
- because they have the same alleles any differences in them are cause by the environment
- asexual reproduction
- nature makes clones through asexual reproduction
- means that there is only 1 parent
- offspring is genetically identical to each other and the parent
- few animals can reproduce asexually
- greenfly do not need to mate
- can just lay eggs which develop into more identical females.
- they can also produce sexually
- greenfly do not need to mate
- means that there is only 1 parent
- many plants can also produce asexually
- some plants produce horizontal stems called runners
- that move out from the base of the plant and form new clones at their tips
- strawberry plants
- that move out from the base of the plant and form new clones at their tips
- other plants produce underground fleshy structures called bulbs
- these grow into a new identical plant
- e.g garlic
- these grow into a new identical plant
- some plants produce horizontal stems called runners
- genetically identical organisms
- stem cells
- most cells in your body are specialized for a particular job
- white blood cells- fight infections but can not carry oxygen like red blood cells
- most cells in unicellular organisms become specialized during early development
- some cells are specialized and can develop into different types of cells depending on what instructions they are given
- THESE ARE CALLED STEM CELLS
- Embryonic stem cells
- unspecialized cells found in early embryos
- stem cells are removed from the embryo and then the embryo is destroyed
- potential to turn into any kind of cell
- some people say it is unethical
- Adult stem cells
- unspecialized cells found in adult animals
- involved in maintaining and repairing old or damaged tissue
- can specialise into many cell types but not all
- can be safely removed from patients e.g by extracting bone marrow, where no embryos have to be destroyed
- Embryonic stem cells
- THESE ARE CALLED STEM CELLS
- some cells are specialized and can develop into different types of cells depending on what instructions they are given
- most cells in your body are specialized for a particular job
- genetic testing
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