Biology B1.1
- Created by: j_akethompson
- Created on: 17-11-15 13:13
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- B1.1- Keeping Healthy
- To achieve optimum health:
- Right balance of food types
- Carbs, fat and protein are used to release energy and build cells
- Mineral ions and vitamins are needed
- Without them, person becomes malnourished
- Person must get energy balance correct
- If energy taken in = energy used, mass will stay changed
- If a person eats too little, they may be undernouris-hed and suffer from deficiency diseases
- Eating too much can lead to obesity
- Obesity can then lead to type 2 diabetes, cancer etc.
- These problems can be avoided by more exercise and less carbohydrates
- If energy taken in = energy used, mass will stay changed
- Right balance of food types
- Metabolic rate
- The speed of chemical reactions tat take place in the body
- Speed of which can be inherited from parents
- Cholesterol levels can also be inherited from parents
- Good cholesterol (high density lipoprotein) is needed for cell membranes and to make vital substances
- Low density lipoproteins can increase risk of heart disease
- Foods rich in saturated fats also increase risk of heart disease
- Cholesterol lines the artery walls and causes a blood clot/stops blood flow to heart
- Low density lipoproteins can increase risk of heart disease
- Good cholesterol (high density lipoprotein) is needed for cell membranes and to make vital substances
- Cholesterol levels can also be inherited from parents
- Affected by proportion of muscle to fat and amount of exercise a person does
- Pathogens cause infectious diseases
- Bacteria or viruses
- When they enter the body they reproduce rapidly and produce toxins.
- Viruses reproduce inside the cells
- Semmelweis realised how infection can be transferred from person to person
- Told doctors to wash their hands
- White blood cells
- Part of the immune system
- Can ingest pathogens
- Can produce antibodies to counteract pathogens antigens
- Skin also prevents pathogens into the body
- Are also trapped by mucus and killed by hydrochloric acid in the stomach
- Antibiotics kil bacteria
- Painkillers relieve symptoms but don't kill the pathogen
- Viruses are hard destroy as damage to cells may occur
- Bacteria can grown in agar jelly
- Everything must be sterilised so no unwanted microorganisms contaminate the culture
- Agar jelly is used as it is a culture medium- contains carbohydrate and other minerals and chemicals
- Must be kept at 25 degrees celsius in schools and 35 in industry
- Must be provided oxygen
- Pathogens can mutate
- Few people are immune to these mutated pathogens, so they spread
- People can become immune to certain things by vaccinations
- Dead or inactive forms of pathogen is injected into body
- White blood cells respond by producing lots of antibodies
- They then memorise the antigens and can reproduce antibodies very quickly if the pathogen enters the body again
- White blood cells respond by producing lots of antibodies
- Dead or inactive forms of pathogen is injected into body
- People can become immune to certain things by vaccinations
- Cannot be defeated by antibiotics
- Spread by natural selection- pathogens kill normal pathogens but not mutated ones.
- Few people are immune to these mutated pathogens, so they spread
- To achieve optimum health:
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