B10 Nervous System

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  • Created by: Lucy Hart
  • Created on: 09-02-20 16:08
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  • B10 Nervous System
    • 10.1 Homeostasis
      • regulation of the internal of a cell to maintain optimum conditions for function, in response to changes
        • important for enzyme action
        • body temperature
        • glucose concentration
        • water levels
    • 10.2 Structure + Function of Nervous System
      • 1. receptors - detect stimulus (change)
      • 2. Sensory neurones - carry impulse to CNS
      • 3. central nervous system (CNS) or coordination centre - process information + send out signals for response
      • 4. motor neurones - carry impulse to send out response
      • 5. Effector (muscles + glands) - response
      • nervous system uses electrical impulses to react quickly to surroundings + coordinate behaviour
    • 10.3 Reflex Actions
      • automatic + impulse bypasses the conscious areas of brain (reflex arc)
      • synapses - junctions, diffusion of chemicals
      • same as normal nervous system but relay neurones - connect sensory + motor neurone
    • B10.4 The Brain
      • structure
        • cerebral cortex - consciousnes, intelligence, memory
        • cerebellum - coordinating muscular activity + balance
        • medulla - unconscious activities, heartbeat + breathing
      • map regions of the brain by studying brain damage
        • electrically stimulating
        • MRI scans
      • problems - delicate + complex, different chemicals easily damaged
    • 10.5 The Eye
      • iris controls the pupil, muscles contract + relax to change size of pupil + control amount of light reaching retina
      • lens held in place by suspensory ligaments + ciliary muscles
      • light hits retina + sends impulse to brain along sensory neurones in optic nerve
      • light gets focused by refraction
    • 10.6 Common eye problems
      • accommdation - process of changing shape of lens of eye to focus on near or distant objects
        • distant - ciliary muscles relax so suspensory ligaments pulled tight + lens pulled flat + thin. Light refracts light rays slightly
        • near - ciliary muscles contract so the suspensory ligaments loosen + lens thicker + curved. Light refracts strongly
      • myopia - distant objects blurred
        • focused in FRONT of retina. Lens is too curved or long eyeball
          • treated with concave lens - spread out the light
      • hyperopia - close objects blurred
        • Focused BEHIND the retina. Too flat + too thin or short eyeball
          • convex
      • new tech - laser eye surgery, contact lenses + replacement lenses

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