B1. You and your genes

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  • B1: You and your genes.
    • Variation
      • Differences between individuals
      • Caused by
        • Genetic Factors
        • Environmental Factors
    • Genetic Information
      • Genes
        • Occur in long strings called chromosomes
        • Located in the nucleus
        • Carry Info needed for you to develop
          • Form Instructions by making proteins
            • Structural Proteins = For growth and repair
            • Functional Proteins = speed p chemical reactions
      • Chromosomes
        • Made of DNA molecules
          • DNA = Two long strands coiled to from a double helix.
          • Contains Instructions
        • Come in pairs
          • Both have the same sequence of genes
      • Alleles
        • Different versions of the same gene
        • Homozygous = Two of the SAME alleles
        • Hetrozygous = two DIFFERENT alleles
        • Phenotype = Combination  of alleles you have
        • Genotype = the characteristics you show
        • Dominant
        • Recessive
    • Diseases
      • Huntington Disease
        • Genetic disorder affects the CNS
        • Cause by 4th Chromosome
        • Allele is DONIMANT
        • Symptoms
          • Involuntary Movements
          • Memory Loss
          • Clumsiness
      • Cystic Fibrosis
        • Allele is RECESSIVE
        • Causes sticky mucus around the lungs
        • Symptoms
          • Weight Loss
          • Chest Infections
          • Difficulty Breathing
    • Genetic testing
      • Testing on Adults + Children
        • Adults test to see if they are carriers of a allele
          • If positive
            • Mat not have children
            • May adopt a child
            • May accept the risk
        • Child tested to see if they have disease gene
      • Testing on Fetus
        • They Fluid around the fetus can be tested
        • Risk of Miscarriage
        • Ethical concerns
        • Reliability
          • True Positive
          • True Negative
          • False Positive
          • False Negative
    • Embryo Selection
      • IVF
        • 1. Ova are harvested and fertilised
        • 2. Embryo's tested for faulty gene
        • 3. Healthy embryo placed back in mother
      • Pre-Implantation Genetic diagnosis
        • 1. Once embryo at 8 cells one cell remove for testing
        • 2. Cells tested to see if they are carriers
      • Controversial
        • Unnatural
        • Designer babies
    • Cloning
      • 4 different ways
        • Asexual Reproduction
          • Cells reproduce by dividing into two identical cells
            • Mostly active in plants
        • Naturally
          • Cell of embryo splits
            • Produces Identical twins
        • Plant Cuttings
        • Artifically
          • 1. Nucleus from adult body cell transferred into a unfertilised cell
            • 2. New individual will have same characteristics as the donor

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Pokemon/Trainer

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This is amazing, seriously. Nice work

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