6.1.1 CELLULAR CONTROL

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  • Created by: geaninec
  • Created on: 20-09-17 13:56
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  • b) the regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression at the transcriptional level, post-transcriptional level and post-translational level
    • TRANSCRIPTIONAL
      • LAC OPERON - an example of an inducible protein i.e. can be turned on or off
      • HISTONE MODIFICATION
        • + of acetyl groups or phosphate groups reduces the positive charge on the histones = DNA coils less tightly, allowing certain genes to be transcribed
        • + of methyl groups makes histones more hydrophobic so they bind more tightly to each other causing DNA to coil more tightly and preventing transcription of genes
    • POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL
      • The coding regions of a gene are called exons and the intervening non-coding regions are called introns. When these genes are to be expressed by a cell they need to be copied and the non-coding parts edited out before they can be turned into protein. This process is called RNA splicing.
        • Splicing is the name given to the reaction that removes unnecessary segments of the primary RNA transcript, called introns. The removal of the introns produces mature mRNA. mature mRNA contains only exons, those portions of the primary RNA transcript that will be translated into a protein.
    • POST-TRANSLATIONAL
      • Cyclic AMP  activates proteins by altering their three-dimensional structure.
    • 6.1.1 CELLULAR CONTROL

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