Population is Australia

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  • Australia
    • Facts
      • 6th largest country in the world. population is 1/3 of UKs 21.5 million. Low population density, Climate and vegetation= baking hot and some places are inhabitable/semi-desert- outback.
      • Population location= mostly in the south east. Farmland location= coastal *****/ from Brisbane to Adelaide.
      • exports= metal ores/ minerals/ wine/ agricultural products. Main trading partner.
    • Natural increase 154,900- 2.2%. Net migration 277,700 per year 64%. Refugee intake 18,000 7% of migration. On average 2.8 people per km^2- population density.
    • Australia has an ageing population- this is because the average age of 37.5 years has increased since 1980 (when the average age was just 29.4).
    • Promoting immigration in Australia
      • assisted passages- encourage young families to migrate to Australia.
      • Skill-based migration- based on employment (match skill shortages), educational qualifications, age (mostly under 30), the ability to speak English.
    • Ageing population
      • Marry later- 32 for men, 29 for women.
      • Having children later- was 27 now 30 years old.
      • Introduced paid parental leave and baby grant ($5,000) to encourage an increase in fertility rate.
    • Drought and water supply
      • Australia is a very dry country so water supply is a problem: rainfall is unreliable. Evaporation rate is high- 94% of rainfall is evaporated. Several prolonged droughts.
        • To increase Australia's water storage capacity a number of dams and reservoirs have been constructed.
    • Soil salinity and erosion
      • Soil salinity- an increase in the salt content of soil beyond the level at which plants can survive. Water is irrigated into the soil then when the water is evaporated, it brings the minerals up towards the surface. When the water evaporates, it leaves a layer of concentrated minerals and salts on the surface.
      • Soil erosion- removal of the most fertile soil by wind or surface-runoff. This is caused by animals grazing and exposing the soil.

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