Explanations of Attachment
- Created by: joe
- Created on: 05-02-13 17:37
View mindmap
- Explanations of Attachment
- Learning Theory
- all behaviour is learned
- Operant Conditioning
- rewards/pleasant consquence
- reinforcement
- food is primary reinforcer
- mother is secondary reinforcer
- mother is secondary reinforcer
- Classical conditioning
- association
- B4: UCS = UCR
- Food = baby's pleasure
- During: NS + UCS
- Mum + Food
- After: CS = CR
- Mum = Baby's pleasure
- Strengths
- adequate explanation of how attachments form
- not always food (i.e. attention or responsiveness)
- adequate explanation of how attachments form
- Limitations
- Harlow's monkeys (1959)
- Food < Comfort
- Schaffer and Emerson (1964) - Glasgow babies
- Infant not always most attached to those who fed them
- Harlow's monkeys (1959)
- Bowlby's Theory
- Critical Period
- Attachment must be formed within a critical period (2.5 years)
- Social
- Emotional
- Intellectual
- Physical
- Attachment must be formed within a critical period (2.5 years)
- Social Releases
- features that unlock adults tendency to care for them
- Physical (i.e. big eyes)
- Behaviour (i.e. crying)
- features that unlock adults tendency to care for them
- Internal Working Model
- Future relationships based on this attachment
- Monotropy
- Only one very special attachment
- Ever-present adult/mother substitute
- Only one very special attachment
- Adaptive
- Adaptive advantage - increase chances of survival
- protect, feed and keep warm
- Adaptive advantage - increase chances of survival
- Strengths
- Imprinting on animals (i.e. Lorenz's goslings)
- Supporting study: Hodges and Tizard found children with no attachment had difficulty with peers
- Supporting study: Harlow's monkeys who didn't form an attachment became ill, couldn't stay with other monkeys and neglected their own infants
- Limitations
- Other attachments are important
- i.e father and siblings
- Study against: Fox (1977) found kids raised in Israeli Kibbutz raised communally were equally attached to both parents
- Study against: Koluchova found twins raised in isolation formed secure attachments once rescued after "critical period"
- Other attachments are important
- Critical Period
- Learning Theory
Comments
No comments have yet been made