Attachment
- Created by: Isabella.Shep
- Created on: 16-09-19 11:33
View mindmap
- Attachment
- Caregiver-Infant Interactions
- Reciprocity
- form of interaction between infant and caregiver involving mutual responses e.g. smiling
- influences the child’s physical, social and cognitive development. Becomes the basis for development of basic trust and shapes how the child will learn, and form relationships.
- Interactional Synchrony
- Infants coordinate their actions with caregivers in a kind of conversation.
- Heimann showed that infants who demonstrate a lot of imitation from birth onwards have been found to have a better quality of relationship at 3 months.
- deliberate?
- Observations
- Reciprocity
- Stages of Attachment
- Schaffer and Emerson
- Asocial
- Indiscriminate
- Discriminate
- Multiple
- Role of father
- expectation in Western cultures that the father should play a greater role in bringing up children
- the number of mothers working full time has increased in recent decades, and this has also led to fathers having a more active role.
- prefer contact with their father when in a positive emotional state and wanting to play
- contact with their mother when they are distressed and need comforting.
- Schaffer and Emerson
- Animal Studies
- Harlow
- 16 monkeys were separated from their mothers immediately after birth and placed in cages with access to two surrogate mothers, one made of wire and one covered in soft terry towelling cloth.• Eight of the monkeys could get milk from the wire mother• Eight monkeys could get milk from the cloth mother
- Both groups of monkeys spent more time with the cloth mother
- maternal deprivation leads to emotional damage but that its impact could be reversed in monkeys if an attachment was made before the end of the critical period
- A03
- ethics
- Lorenz
- large clutch of goose eggs and kept them until they were about to hatch out. Half of the eggs were then placed under a goose mother, while Lorenz kept the other half beside himself for several hours.
- when hatched they regarded him as their mother and followed him accordingly
- 12-17 hour critical period after hatching
- Harlow
- Learning Theory
- Dollard & Miller (1950) state attachment is a learned behavior that is acquired through both classical and operant conditioning
- Operant- reinforcement
- Classical- association
- A03
- Schaffer and Emerson found less than half of infants had a primary attachment to the person who usually fed them.
- Harlow’s research suggested monkeys became attached to the soft surrogate mother rather than the one who fed it
- Lorenz found goslings imprinted on the first moving object, suggests innate
- Bowlby's Monotropic Theory
- Attachment behaviors in both babies and their caregivers have evolved through natural selection.
- critical period for developing at attachment (about 0 - 2.5 years)
- child has an innate (i.e. inborn) need to attach to one main attachment figure
- Internal Working Model
- cognitive framework comprising mental representations for understanding the world, self and others.
- A03
- Lorenz (1935) supports Bowlby's monotropic theory as the attachment process of imprinting is an innate process which has a critical period
- Efe tribe of Congo. Efe women share the care of infants in the tribe and take turns to breast feed them, however the infants return to their natural mother at night and form a stable bond with the mother.
- Strange Situation study provides evidence for the existence of internal working model. A secure child will develop a positive internal working model of itself because it has received sensitive emotional care from its primary attachment figure
- Ainsworth’s Strange Situation
- controlled observation recording the reactions of a child and mother (caregiver), who were introduced to a strange room with toys
- secure-high sep anxiety. medium stranger, friendly when mother there. Happy on reunion
- Caregiver-Infant Interactions
Comments
No comments have yet been made