WJEC biology ATP
- Created by: Exotic-L
- Created on: 14-03-16 18:56
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- ATP
- makes energy available when it is needed
- full name: Adenosine Triphosphate
- synthesised in mitochondria
- broken down when energy is needed - eg in muscle contraction
- a nucleotide
- contains: Base- adenine Sugar- ribose three phosphate groups
- full name: Adenosine Triphosphate
- adenosine= adenine + ribose so ATP= adenine + ribose + 3 phosphate groups
- contains: Base- adenine Sugar- ribose three phosphate groups
- ATP and Energy
- when Energy is needed
- 1. ATPase hydrolysis bond between 2nd & 3rd phosphate groups
- 2. 3rd phosphate group removed
- 3. ATP hydrolysed into Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
- and an inorganic phosphate ion WIITH RELEASE OF CHEMICAL ENERGY
- a reaction that releases energy is an EXERGONIC REACTION
- it is a reversible reaction
- ADP and an inorganic phosphate ion can combine in CONDENSATION REACTION
- this requires ENERGY INPUT
- Is an ENDERGONIC REACTION
- addition of phosphate ion to ADP is called PHOSPHORYLATION
- Is an ENDERGONIC REACTION
- this requires ENERGY INPUT
- ADP and an inorganic phosphate ion can combine in CONDENSATION REACTION
- it is a reversible reaction
- a reaction that releases energy is an EXERGONIC REACTION
- and an inorganic phosphate ion WIITH RELEASE OF CHEMICAL ENERGY
- 3. ATP hydrolysed into Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
- 2. 3rd phosphate group removed
- 1. ATPase hydrolysis bond between 2nd & 3rd phosphate groups
- energy transfers are inefficient and energy is lost as heat
- if there is a large incease in temp - cells would be destroyed
- energy is released gradually in respiration, producing ATP
- if there is a large incease in temp - cells would be destroyed
- when Energy is needed
- A supplier of energy
- Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is single reaction
- energy released immediately
- takes longer for glucose
- only one enzyme needed to release energy from ATP
- many needed to release energy from glucose
- energy released in small amounts, when and where it is needed
- energy from glucose is released all at once
- A common source of Energy for many chemical reactions - increasing efficiency and control by cell
- Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is single reaction
- roles of ATP
- Metabolic processes
- build large, complex molecules from smaller, simpler ones
- eg DNA synthesis from nuckeotides
- build large, complex molecules from smaller, simpler ones
- Active Transport
- to change shape of carrier proteins
- alow molecules or ions to be moved AGAINST concentration gradient
- Movement
- Muscle contraction
- Nerve transmission
- Na-K pumps actively transports Na and K ions across AXON membrane
- Secretion
- transport and package secretory poducts into vesicles in cells
- Metabolic processes
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