atoms and reactions
- Created by: Andrei stephen
- Created on: 07-10-13 17:08
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- atoms and reactions
- types of bonding
- covalent= between a metal and a non metal (give/ take electrons)
- metallic bonding= between metal and a metal (positive protons surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons)
- ionic= two non metals (they share electrons)
- first ionisation energy the amount of energy need to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseouse atoms to form one mole of gashouse 1 + ions
- quantum shells
- orbitals
- each orbital holds 2 e- that have opposite spin on each other causing minimal repulsion and are always in pairs
- s orbitals= can hold a max of 2 e-, one in every quantum shell, spherical in shape
- P orbitals= holds max 2 e-, 3 orbitals all equal, shaped like a monkey nut
- having a single electron in a orbital is more stable than having to so they drop in the graph when their are two filed up in an P orbital
- electron structure + ionic bonding
- non metals
- gain -ive electrons to fill the outer quantum shell
- group 8 - group no gives charge
- metals
- +ive ions lose electrons to become positive
- group no tells you how many electrons it loses
- when empty the 4S orbit is at a lower energy level than the 3D so it is filled up first as well as lose electrons first when ions form
- diatomic molecules
- At2
- H2
- other molecules
- P4
- S8
- O3
- S8
- P4
- compounds
- H2O
- CO2
- NaCl
- NaOH
- H2SO4
- HCL
- covalent molecules
- H2O
- CO2
- HCL
- ionic metals
- NaCl
- NaOH
- NOBEL GASSES
- make up 1% of the air
- in the air argon is the most abundant
- 30x more oxygen than carbon in the air
- all Nobel gases bar radon can be distilled from liquid air
- non metals
- types of bonding
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