Atoms and Elements 

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  • Atoms
    • all substances are made up of atoms
    • atoms have the radius of about 0.1 nano meters .
    • the nucleus
      • its in the middle of the atom .
      • it contains protons and neutrons
      • protons are very heavy and they have a positive charge
        • it has a posertive charge because of the protons
      • it has a posertive charge because of the protons
      • electrons
        • move around the nucleus in electron shells
        • they are negatively charged
        • even though they are tiny they cover a lot of space
        • electrons have virtually no mass
      • the nuclear symbol of an atom tells you its proton number and mass number
        • atomic number tells you how many protons they are
    • atoms are neutral - they have no overall charge (unlike ions )
    • same number of protons and electrons
    • the charge on the electrons are the same size as the charge on the protons
      • for example an ion has 2- charge has 2 more electrons than protons

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