Atomic Structure
- Created by: R.Perkins
- Created on: 04-03-14 11:07
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- Atomic Structure
- Protons
- 1 m.u.
- Postively charged
- Found in the nucleus (slightly positively charged)
- Atomic number - Number of protons in an atom of the element (Eg. Hydrogen = 1)
- Neutrons
- Boast a neutral charge
- 1 m.u.
- Found in the nucleus of an atom
- Contribute to the mass number of element
- Electrons
- 1/2000 mu
- Negatively charged
- Found on the elctron shells
- Isotopes
- Contain a differing number of neutrons to the typical
- Eg. Carbon 12, 13
- The number of protons remain the same as the original
- Contain a differing number of neutrons to the typical
- Rutherford and the 'Plum Pudding' Model
- Plum Pudding
- States that atoms are spheres of positive charge
- Electrons could be stuck in them link 'plums in a pudding'.
- Thomson discovered that electrons can be renoved from atoms
- States that atoms are spheres of positive charge
- Scattering Experiment
- Beam of alpha particles was aimed at thin gold foil.
- Expectation - Alpha particles would pass through the material
- Rays were repelled in different directions
- Tiny concentration of positive charge within the atoms
- Suggested that most of the mass in an atom was concentrated in the nucleus
- Plum Pudding
- Ionic and Covalent Compounds
- Ionic - Electrons are transferred in order to create full outer shells
- Eg. A Group 1 metal gives electrons to the halogens (group 7)
- Results are ions. The atom that gave the electron(s) becomes a positively charged ion
- Covalent - Electrons are shared between two atoms
- These bonds are stronger
- Ionic - Electrons are transferred in order to create full outer shells
- Protons
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