Atomic Structure

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  • Created by: shaunie
  • Created on: 26-04-13 10:43
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  • Atomic Structure
    • The Atom
      • Nucleus = Protons + Neutrons
        • nucleus accounts for most of the mass of the atom
      • Outer Shell = Electrons
        • Negative charge
        • Orbit the nucleus
        • Electron orbitals account for most of the volume of the atom
    • Nuclear symbols
      • for neutral atoms which have no overall charge the number of electrons is the same as the number of the protons
      • mass number tells you the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
        • the number of neutrons is the mass number- proton number
        • mass number is the number at the top of the chemical symbol
      • the number at the bottom of the chemical symbol is the proton number
        • the proton number is the same for every atom of the element
        • the proton number can be used to identify the element
    • Ions
      • Negative Ions
        • more electrons then protons
      • Positive ions
        • fewer electrons then protons
    • isotopes
      • atoms with the smanumber of protons but different number of neutrons
      • The atomic number is the same for each atom
      • different mass numbers = different number of neutrons
      • properties
        • physical
          • physical properties differ slightly such as density or rate of diffusion as they tend to depend on the mass of the atom
        • chemical
          • chemical properties depend on the electron configuration and since electrons are neither added or taken in an isotope the chemical properties remain the same

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