C4 - Atomic structure
- Created by: Naomi
- Created on: 23-01-13 17:06
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- Atomic structure
- Atoms
- The nucleus of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons surrounded by shells of electrons
- A proton has a mass of 1 and a charge of +1
- An electron has a mass of 0.0005 (zero) and a charge of -1
- A neutron has a mass of 1 and a charge of 0
- If a neutral atom has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23 it will have:
- 11 protons (because the atomic number is 11)
- 12 neutons to make a mass of 23 (11+12)
- 11 electrons (because the charge is neutral)
- The positive and negative charges balance out
- 11 protons (because the atomic number is 11)
- The positive and negative charges balance out
- The nucleus of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons surrounded by shells of electrons
- Isotopes
- Elements with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called isotopes
- It is always the number of neutrons that change otherwise it would become a different element
- Carbon-12 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons
- Carbon-14 has 6 protons and 8 neutrons
- These are both isotopes of carbon
- Carbon-12 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons
- These are both isotopes of carbon
- Elements with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called isotopes
- Arrangement of electrons in atoms
- Elements in the same group (with the same number of electrons in the outer shell) are arranged vertically
- Elements in the same period (in order of how many shells the electrons occupy) are arranged horizontally
- Atoms
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