Atomic Theory

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  • Atomic Theory
    • Periodic Table
      • Elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number
      • Horizontal rows are called periods
        • Share number of energy levels occupied.
      • Vertical rows are called groups
        • Share properties and number of electrons on outer energy levels and same valency.
        • Key Groups an Properties
          • Alkali metals
            • Group 1
            • React rapidly with water to produce a alkaline solution and water
            • More reactive as you go down the group.
            • Metal
            • Valency of 1
          • Halogens
            • Group 7
            • Diatomic- naturally found in pairs
            • Become less reactive as one goes down the group.
            • Valency of 1
            • Found in gaseous (chlorine), liquid (bromine), and solid (Iodine) states
            • Found  in gaseous state.
          • Noble Gases
            • Group 8
            • Valency 0
            • Monatomic (exists as a single atom.
            • Very unreactive
            • Found in Gaseous state.
          • Transition Metals
            • Found between groups 2 and 3.
            • Varying valency, represented by roman numerals.
            • Dense
            • Forms brightly coloured compounds
            • Found in solid state with exception of mercury.
    • Atomic Notation
      • Element Symbol
        • Atomic Mass
          • Number of neutrons add number of protons.
        • Atomic Number
          • Number of Protons
        • Charge
          • Number of charge
            • e.g. If there are two extra electrons, then the charge would be 2-
              • If there were two fewer electrons, the charge would be 2+.
        • Symbol, such as Na for sodium, etc.
    • Isotopes
      • Same Atomic Number, but different Atomic Mass
      • RAM
        • Relative Atomic Mass
        • Found in Data Book
        • Atomic Mass, but takes into account abundancy of isotopes.
          • e.g. If Chlorine 33 and Chlorine 34 were found in equal abundancy, the RAM would be Chlorine33.5

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