Atomic structure
- Created by: Epic Al
- Created on: 22-06-22 17:04
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- Atomic Structure
- Atoms
- Each element is one type of atom
- elements are arranged in groups
- these elements will generally have similar properties
- Have a nucleus surrounded by electrons
- elements reacting their atoms join and create a compound
- Chemical Equations
- No atoms are created or destroyed
- There is the same number of each type of atom on each side of a balanced equation
- You can include state symbols for extra information
- (s) for solids (l) for liquids (g) for gases
- Separating Mixtures
- A mixture is made up of 2 or more substances
- not chemically combined
- Can be separated by physical means such as filtration
- Fractional Distillation
- Separates miscible liquids
- works because the liquids have different boiling points
- Chromatography
- separates mixtures of substances
- the substances move different lengths up the paper
- different solubilities of solvents used
- History of the atom
- Dalton suggested they were tiny hard spheres
- Thomson created the plum pudding model
- first electrons in a model
- Rutherford proposed the nuclear model
- electrons orbit around a nucleus
- Bohr suggested that electrons were orbiting in shells
- a certain distance from the nucleus
- Chadwick found the neutrons in the nucleus
- Structure of the atom
- Atoms are made of electrons, protons and neutrons
- Neutrons dont have a charge
- electrons have a -1 charge
- Have an equal number of protons and electron so no charge
- Atomic number = number of protons/ electrons
- Mass number = protons + neutrons
- Atoms are made of electrons, protons and neutrons
- Ions, Atoms, and Isotopes
- atoms that gain electrons form negative ions
- Atoms that lose electrons create positive ions
- Mass number is top, Atomic number is bottom
- Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
- This effects physical properties
- Electronic structures
- Electrons are arranged in energy levels or shells
- lowest shell can hold 2 electrons, all others hold 8
- the shells fill up before moving to the next
- the number of electrons in the outer shell determine its reactive properties
- Atoms
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