Essay Planning (religion as a conservitive force) 33 Marker ?
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- Created on: 04-10-15 15:12
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- Assess the claim that religion is a conservative force which maintains the status quo (33 Marks)
- 1) Religion is a conservative force
- 1.1)functionalism- religion maintains social solidarity
- Value consensus- agreement of core norms and values within society
- Durkheim- social solidarity. Australian aboriginals (totems)
- Not applicable to post modern society with many religions
- Parsons- maintains sense of meaning. afterlife/rewards hardship.
- Small scale- not generalizable to wider population
- 'Rose tinted' view of religion- ignores conflict caused by religion
- Irish catholic and protestant conflict
- 1.2)Feminism- religion maintains gender inequalities
- Religion is patriarchal and perpetuates women's oppression and exploitation
- patriarchal ideology, legitimates males subordination of women
- Male dominated hierarchies- Armstrong (evidence for religious patriarchy)
- El Saddawi- rise in monotheism, males misinterpreted the religious texts to suit their needs
- Hostile view of religion- can also liberate woman (Woodhead)
- Hijab- allows women to gain education and employment to better their social passion
- 1.3)Marxism- religion maintains social class inequalities
- False class consciousness, w/c alienated by the r/c
- Alfusser- ideological state apparatus, passing on dominant r/c ideology
- Marx- religion is opium of the masses, numbs pains of oppression, reinforces r/c ideology that w/c must work
- Religion would not be needed in a Communist society
- Religion did continue in communist societies such as RSSR
- Religion would not be needed in a Communist society
- Hostile View of religion- can also liberate the w/c
- 1.1)functionalism- religion maintains social solidarity
- 2) Religion as a force for social change
- 2.1) Neo- Marxism-religion can also be a radical force to rid class inequalities
- Liberation theology- Maduro
- agree with main principles of Marxism, but believe w/c are aware of their alienation
- Gramsci- dual consciousness
- Hegemony not always guaranteed
- Organic Intellectuals
- 2.2) Weber
- Calvinism Bought about modern capitalism
- Salvation anxiety- leads to ascetic ideals, (working hard)
- Ascetic ideals have two consequences
- Profit was reinvested into business- did not spend on luxuries, would be against gods will being unknown
- When people started keeping profit it lead to capitalism as we know it today
- Psychological- helped people cope with salvation anxiety
- Profit was reinvested into business- did not spend on luxuries, would be against gods will being unknown
- Ascetic ideals have two consequences
- Success was seen as a sign they had been predestined to heaven
- Marxists argues it would be economical factors causing this instead
- Weber- both in china and India it did not develop due to religious differences
- Salvation anxiety- leads to ascetic ideals, (working hard)
- Calvinism Bought about modern capitalism
- 2.3)Bruce
- Religion drives social protest which brings social change
- New Christian right- not sucsessful (minority only 15% backing)
- Religion only brings social change when moral majority backing is given
- American Civil Rights Movement- successful (moral majority)
- Taking moral high ground, mobilising public opinion, channelling dissent, appealed to most peoples needs and wants
- 2.1) Neo- Marxism-religion can also be a radical force to rid class inequalities
- 3) Religion as both a conservative force and a force for social change
- Fundamentalism
- Maintains traditional values by using social change to regress back to traditional values
- Iranian revolution
- After the country was westernised by the Shah, a wealthy western elite began to emerge which lead to conflict and protest
- Ayatollah lead a revolution to return the country back to traditional Muslim laws
- Successful example of fundamentalism
- Contemporary example, Isis, although not yet successful or unsuccessful
- Fundamentalism
- 1) Religion is a conservative force
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