AS LEVEL- Biology- Basic components of living systems (Organelles)
- Created by: Ammarah123
- Created on: 31-10-18 12:31
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- Basic components of living systems (Organelles)
- Cilia
- Structure- *'Hair-like' extension *Shoter than flagella
- Function- *Detect changes in the environment *Beats in a rhythmic manner *Causes fluids to move along the surface of a cell
- Structure- *'Hair-like' extension *Shoter than flagella
- Nucleus
- Structure- *Surrounded by a nuclear envelope *Contains chromatin
- Function- Controls cells activities by controlling the transcription of DNA
- Structure- *Surrounded by a nuclear envelope *Contains chromatin
- Nucleolus
- Structure- Made out of proteins and RNA
- Function- Makes ribosomes
- Structure- Made out of proteins and RNA
- Nuclear envelope
- Structure- *Double membrane *Contains pores
- Function-Nuclear pores allows substances to move between the nucleus + the cytoplasm
- Structure- *Double membrane *Contains pores
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- Structure- *Network of membranes *Arranged into flattened sacs = cisternea
- Function- *Responsible for synthesising and storing lipids + carbs
- Structure- *Network of membranes *Arranged into flattened sacs = cisternea
- Chloroplasts
- Structure- *Surrounded by an envelope *Double membrane *Lots of sacs to increase SA *Inside are thylakoid membranes
- Function- Where photosynthesis occurs
- Structure- *Surrounded by an envelope *Double membrane *Lots of sacs to increase SA *Inside are thylakoid membranes
- Centrioles
- Structure- Small hollow cylinders made out of microtubules
- Function- Involved in the separation of chromosomes during cell division
- Structure- Small hollow cylinders made out of microtubules
- Flagella
- Structure- *'Whip-like' extension *Longer than cilia
- Function- *Allows the cell to move *Acts as a sensory organelle
- Structure- *'Whip-like' extension *Longer than cilia
- Lysosomes
- Structure- Sacs surrounded by single membrane
- Function- *Contains hydrolytic enzymes which degrades waste materials eg. pathogens *Responsible for the destruction of damaged organelles
- Structure- Sacs surrounded by single membrane
- Golgi apparatus
- Structure- *Flattened sac of membrane = cisternae *Curved *Has vesicles on the edge of sacs
- Function- *Modifies proteins by adding carbs *Packages proteins into secretory vesicles to be released by the cell
- Structure- *Flattened sac of membrane = cisternae *Curved *Has vesicles on the edge of sacs
- Cell wall
- Structure- *Permeable *Plank = cellulose *Fungi = chitin *Bacteria = Peptidoglycan
- Function- *Provides structure + support to cell *Protects plant wall from harm
- Structure- *Permeable *Plank = cellulose *Fungi = chitin *Bacteria = Peptidoglycan
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Structure- *Flattened membrane sacs *Suface covered in ribosomes
- Function- Responsible for the synthesis, folding + transport of proteins
- Structure- *Flattened membrane sacs *Suface covered in ribosomes
- Mitochondria
- Structure- *Double membrane *Highly folded into cristae *Has a matrix inside *Has an envelope *Always contains DNA
- Function- *Where aerobic respiration occurs *Produces ATP which provides cell with energy
- Structure- *Double membrane *Highly folded into cristae *Has a matrix inside *Has an envelope *Always contains DNA
- Plasma membrane
- Structure- Phospholipid bilayer (made out of lipids and proteins)
- Function- *Controls what goes in + out *Partially + selectively permeable *Barrier
- Structure- Phospholipid bilayer (made out of lipids and proteins)
- Ribosomes
- Structure- *Not membrane bound *Made of proteins and RNA
- Function- Where protein synthesis occurs
- Structure- *Not membrane bound *Made of proteins and RNA
- Cilia
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