AS content for assessment 2

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  • AS content- assessment 2
    • cancer and the cell cycle
      • describe how uncontrolled cell division can lead to formation of tumors and cancer
        • damgaed genes or mutated genes can effect the control of cell cycle
          • this leads to uncontrolled cell divison leading to the formation of a group of abnormal cells -tumor
      • explain how cancer treatments often inhibit stages of the cell cycle
        • disrupt either DNA replication
          • or inhibits metaphase by preventing spindle fibre formation
        • by interuping both or either of these processes it prevents the cell from dividing futher
          • stops the growth of the tumour
    • the Heart
      • explain the purpose of the AV valve the semilunar valve and the role of the coronary artiey
        • the AV valve prevents backflow of blood into the atria
          • when the pressure in the atria exceeds that in the ventricles the valve opens
        • the semilunar valves prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles
          • when pressure in the ventricles exceeds that in the aorta valve opens
        • the coronary arties supply the heart muscles with blood and materials for respiration
      • coronary output = SV x HR
      • required practical - key points
        • Aim= identify structural features
        • when trying to open valves -run water into arteries- semilunar should close
          • applying gentile pressure will open valves
        • safe use of equpitment
          • place in beacker of disnfectant
          • heart placed in disposable bags
          • disinfect desk ect
        • risk
          • infection - wear lab coat, wear gloves + safely dispose of them and towels - wash hands
          • cutting yourself -handle carefully
        • scientific drawings - title, sharp pencil not colouring or shading proportions = accurate

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